Logistic regression yields an adjusted odds ratio that approximates the relative risk when disease incidence is rare (<10%), while adjusting for potential confounders. For more common outcomes, always overstates risk, sometimes dramatically. The purpose of this paper to discuss incorrect application a proposed method estimate from ratio, which has quickly gained popularity in medical and public health research, describe alternative statistical methods estimating outcome common. Hypothetical...

<h3>Context</h3>Whether intimate partner violence (IPV) screening reduces or improves health outcomes for women is unknown.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine the effectiveness of IPV and communication positive results to clinicians.<h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3>Randomized controlled trial conducted in 11 emergency departments, 12 family practices, 3 obstetrics/gynecology clinics Ontario, Canada, among 6743 English-speaking female patients aged 18 64 years who presented between July 2005...

Social Support and other protective factors (Education, Employment, Self-Esteem, Health, Absence of Economic Hardship) were studied in relation to depression, anxiety, three types lifetime abuse (recent intimate partner violence past violence, child abuse). Asurvey 557 women was conducted as part a domestic screening intervention primary care. Compared nonabused women, recently abused may receive less support from partners but reported comparable levels others. Total potentially provided...

We studied trends of hypertensive disorders pregnancy by residential socioeconomic status (SES) and racial/ethnic subgroups in New York State over a 10-year period.We merged discharge data for 2.5 million women hospitalized with delivery from 1993 through 2002 2000 US Census data.Rates diagnoses all combined preeclampsia individually were highest among Black across regions neighborhood poverty levels. Although hospitalization rates decreased time most groups, differences between White...

Using a valid Bayesian method to estimate vancomycin exposure profiles, the findings establish critical importance of area under curve minimum inhibitory concentration ratios during first two days therapy for patients with MRSA bloodstream infections.

To estimate (1) the proportion of children not adhering to Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended early childhood immunization schedule and (2) associations between adherence, sociodemographic characteristics, up-to-date status by 19 35 months age.We used 2014 National Survey provider-verified vaccination data classify patterns as "recommended" (ie, in line with ACIP dose- age-specific recommendations), "alternate" either limiting number shots per visit or skipping...

Background Hospitals under financial pressure may struggle to maintain quality and patient safety have worse outcomes relative well-resourced hospitals. Poor predictive validity explain why previous studies on the association between finances quality/safety been equivocal. This manuscript employs principal component analysis produce robust measures of both status care, assess our a priori hypothesis: hospital performance is associated with provision as measured by processes, outcomes,...

We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based, case-control study, to examine whether previously reported associations between antihypertensive medications and cardiovascular malformations could be confirmed explore new might identified. Cases (n=5021) were ascertained through birth defects surveillance systems 1997 2003 in 10 US states. Controls (n=4796) live births without selected randomly certificates or hospital discharge listings same geographic...

During a 14-month period, 7 patients with hematological malignancies acquired serious infections caused by single strain of multiply resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A case-control study, culture surveys, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis implicated whirlpool bathtub on the unit as reservoir. All case 32% control used this (P = .003). The epidemic was found only in cultures samples taken from bathtub. drain bathtub, which contaminated strain, closed ∼2.54 cm below drain's strainer. Water...

The study looked at 557 women participating in an evaluation of a domestic violence screening intervention primary care setting. Depression and anxiety were investigated relation to seven types child adult intimate partner abuse. At the bivariate level, both physical sexual abuse associated with significantly increased risk for all five as well depression anxiety. Multivariate analyses suggested that recent high-severity depression, past In addition, higher levels cumulative over life span...

Despite the increasing incidence of carbapenem-intermediate or -resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CIRE), risk factors associated with CIRE infections have not been well defined. This study characterizes among two different source populations.A case-control was performed at a tertiary care medical centre between January 2005 and December 2009. Cases were adults culture-confirmed infection reduced susceptibility to meropenem ertapenem. The cases matched 1:1 patients from control series: (i) those...

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are both diseases of joints, but they have very different etiologies. is a disease assumed to result from wear tear over time, whereas an autoimmune where the body's immune system attacks joint tissues. Using NHANES data (1999-2015), we compared influence age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index smoking on these two forms arthritis. Incidence increases with age more frequent in females than males. There little apparent difference between osteoarthritis...

• Tympanometry is often used as a major component of medical referral criteria in both diagnostic audiometry and hearing screening programs. This use based on an assumption that relationship exists between the tympanogram type presence middle ear effusion. The present investigation examined this 142 ears immediately prior to myringotomy. results suggest prediction effusion basis tympanometric data alone difficult at best. only exception case flat curve (type B), when 90% occurrence notable...

Neonatal blood stream infections (BSI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It is crucial to continuously monitor the local epidemiology neonatal BSI detect any changes patterns infection susceptibility various antibiotics.To examine etiology two intensive care units (NICUs) Republic Georgia, resource-poor country, determine antibiotic isolated organisms.A cross-sectional study all septic infants was conducted NICUs pediatric hospitals Tbilisi between...

Health care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of being infected with blood-borne pathogens. To evaluate occupational exposure to viruses and determine the prevalence human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) C (HCV) among HCWs in Georgia. The sample included from seven medical institutions five cities A self-administered questionnaire was used collect information on demographic, personal factors for viruses. After obtaining informed consent, blood drawn study participants a...

Despite the increasing prevalence of multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, factors predictive MDR have not been extensively explored. We sought to examine among patients with P. aeruginosa respiratory tract infections and develop a tool estimate probability such high-risk patients. This was single-site, case-control study infections. Multiple-drug resistance defined as four or more antipseudomonal antimicrobial classes. Clinical data on demographics, antibiotic history,...

While the Republic of Georgia has a high prevalence hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (3.4% blood donors tested positive for HBV surface antigen [HBsAg]), relatively few healthcare workers (HCWs) are thought to be immunized.To measure rates vaccination coverage and identify predictors vaccine acceptance among HCWs.Cross-sectional survey.A study was conducted full-time physicians nurses at 2 large hospitals. Self-administered questionnaires included questions about demographic...