We report on the discovery of a room-temperature ferromagnetism in Cr-doped GaN single crystals with Tc=280 K. The addition Cr into grown by flux method induces lattice constant increase due to larger atomic radius. In x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, 2p3/2 core-level exhibited spectra near 575.7 eV. This binding energy is similar reported value CrN. coercive field magnetization–magnetic (M–H) hysteresis curve at 250 K was 54 Oe. verified presence ferromagnetic transition...

Abstract Copper electrodes with a micromesh/nanomesh structure were fabricated on polyimide substrate using UV lithography and wet etching to produce flexible transparent conducting (TCEs). Well-defined mesh realized through the use of high-quality Cu thin films. The films radio-frequency (RF) sputtering single-crystal target—a simple but innovative approach that overcame low oxidation resistance ordinary Cu. Hybrid by adding capping layer either ZnO or Al-doped ZnO. sheet transmittance...

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), derived from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), is a mixture of hydrolyzed DNA fragments used in various clinical applications. Its therapeutic value stems its ability to promote wound healing by upregulating growth factors like VEGF, FGF, and HIF-1. However, PDRN's regenerative properties raise concerns about potential misuse sports. Studies suggest it may enhance athletic performance stimulating muscle growth, recovery, endurance through mechanisms such as...

Significance We successfully achieve unprecedentedly deep levels of supersaturation ( S ∼ 4.1) with KH 2 PO 4 (KDP) solutions by using a newly developed device that combines electrostatic levitation Raman and X-ray scattering. Our study reveals two interesting phenomena. One is an existence different solution states, is, low-concentration KDP (LCS) high-concentration (HCS). The other emergence crystallization paths depend on the degree supersaturation: i ) LCS to stable crystal (tetrahedral...

Spin-polarized neutron diffraction experiments have revealed an unusual $q=0$ magnetic order in the model high-temperature superconductor HgBa${}_{2}$CuO${}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (Hg1201) below pseudogap temperature ${T}^{*}$ [Y. Li et al., Nature (London) 455, 372 (2008)]. Together with results for structurally more complex compound YBa${}_{2}$Cu${}_{3}$O${}_{6+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (YBCO) [B. Fauqu\'e Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 197001 (2006); H.A. Mook B 78, 020506 (2008)], this establishes...

Copper (Cu) thin films have been widely used as electrodes and interconnection wires in integrated electronic circuits more recently substrates for the synthesis of graphene. However, ultra-high vacuum processes required high-quality Cu film fabrication, such molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), restricts mass production with low cost. In this work, we demonstrated using a single-crystal target radio-frequency (RF) sputtering technique; resulting quality was comparable to that produced MBE, even...

The compound ${\text{HgBa}}_{2}{\text{CuO}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (Hg1201) exhibits a simple tetragonal crystal structure and the highest superconducting transition temperature $({T}_{c})$ among all single Cu-O layer cuprates, with ${T}_{c}=97\text{ }\text{K}$ (onset) at optimal doping. Due to lack of sizable crystals, experimental work on this very attractive system has been significantly limited. Thanks recent breakthrough in growth, such crystals have now become available. Here we...

Using a single-crystal wire fabricated through the crystal growth process, contribution of grain boundaries (GBs) to electrical resistivity was investigated in copper. We developed novel fabrication process that preserved grain-free structure copper (SCC) grown by Czochralski method. The SCC showed reduction 9% compared international annealed standard (IACS) resistivity, with resulting value smaller than silver. also found GBs strongly influenced above 70 K, but hardly contributed below...

Abstract Oxygen vacancy (V O ) strongly affects the properties of oxides. In this study, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study changes in V concentration as a function Co-doping level ZnO. Rietveld refinement yielded different result from that determined via photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), but additional maximum entropy method (MEM) analysis led it compensate for difference. tended gradually decrease with increased Co doping, and ferromagnetic behavior was not observed regardless...

Resistivity is an intrinsic feature that specifies the electrical properties of a material and depends on electron-phonon scattering near room temperature. Reducing resistivity metal to its potentially lowest value requires eliminating grain boundaries impurities, but date few studies have focused reducing pure itself. We could reduce single-crystal Ag, which has almost perfect structure, by impurity doping it with Cu. This paper presents our results: was reduced 1.35 μΩ·cm at temperature...

Liquid density is a crucial parameter in physical models, numerical simulations, and key thermophysical property essential for understanding various phenomena. Although measurements of liquid metals have been carried out with methods, it still hard to give consistent precise results, particularly at high temperatures. In this study, we systematically perform the 34 elemental alloy liquids using electrostatic levitation (ESL). Through comprehensive review data literature, propose recommended...

We report a reversible manipulation of short-range spin ordering in Co-doped ZnO through hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes. In both magnetic-circular dichroism superconducting quantum interference device measurements, the ferromagnetism was clearly induced removed by injection ejection hydrogen, respectively. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results first-principles electronic structure calculations consistently support dependence on hydrogen position contribution transition...

For over two decades, NaCl nucleation from a supersaturated aqueous solution has been predicted to occur

In- and out-of-plane optical spectra specific heat measurements for the single layer cuprate superconductor $\mathrm{Hg}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (Hg-1201) at optimal doping $({T}_{c}=97\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$ are presented. Both in-plane superfluid density agree well with a recently proposed scaling relation ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}\ensuremath{\propto}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathit{dc}}{T}_{c}$. It is shown that there superconductivity...

Through a simple post hydrogen plasma treatment, we show the strong inducement of room temperature ferromagnetism in Zn0.9Co0.1O:H nanocrystals fabricated by sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and neutron powder diffraction measurements Zn0.9Co0.1O before after hydrogenation process confirmed that there are no structural changes nanocrystal any creation magnetic secondary phase. Nevertheless, clear ferromagnetic hysteresis loop hydrogenated...

<h3>Objectives</h3> A bag-valve mask (BVM) device is used as one of the first-line pieces equipment in emergency situations. However, cardiopulmonary support providers do not recognise exact tidal volume during procedures, and squeezing methods BVM may deliver same each time. To supply a regular sustained volume, adequate finger points were marked on surface BVM. <h3>Methods</h3> In this study, total 83 volunteers participated practised conventional volume-marked (VBVM) procedures. The VBVM...

Inelastic neutron-scattering measurements of single-${\text{CuO}}_{2}$-layer ${\text{HgBa}}_{2}{\text{CuO}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ reveal an antiferromagnetic resonance with energy ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\text{r}}=56\text{ }\text{meV}$ $(\ensuremath{\approx}6.8{k}_{\text{B}}{T}_{\text{c}})$ below the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{\text{c}}\ensuremath{\approx}96\text{ }\text{K}$. The is energy-resolution limited and exhibits intrinsic momentum width about $0.2\text{...

Photoluminescence, Rutherford backscattering/channeling, x-ray double crystal rocking curves, and minority carrier lifetime suggest that structural optical properties of GaAs grown on Si by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) improve greatly as a result postgrowth rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Transmission electron microscopy, in contrast, shows no significant reduction defect density (∼108 cm−2) after RTA although the configuration is affected. Dislocations tend to organize better combine each...

We investigated the effects of Al doping on ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO and mechanisms that give rise to hydrogen-injected ZnCoO. The aim this study was determine whether occurrence or strength magnetization is related charge carrier mobility, density, presence defects crystal lattice. increased as well density oxygen vacancies lattice strain; however, these physical properties were not changes magnetism. Al-doped undoped ZnCoO showed an increase a function hydrogen plasma treatment time....