Five QX-like infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains, isolated from different field outbreaks and two reference IBV strains of known serotypes (M41 793/B), were used in the present study to investigate compare their pathogenicity for 1-day-old specific pathogen free chickens. The ability inhibit trachea epithelium ciliary activity, induce immune response, replicate cause histopathological lesions designated organs was followed by repeated samplings during a period 42 days post infection....

From the early 1970s to present, numerous cases of short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) have been reported in mule ducks from France. The animals showed strong growth retardation with smaller tarsus. It was suggested that caused by goose parvovirus on basis serological investigation, but causative agent has not isolated disease so far reproduced experimental infection. aim present study characterize virus strains field SBDS, reproduce experimentally. Phylogenetic analysis proved isolates...

A neurological disease of young Pekin ducks characterized by ataxia, lameness, and paralysis was observed at several duck farms in Malaysia 2012. Gross pathological lesions were absent or inconsistent most the cases, but severe consistent microscopic found brain spinal cord, non-purulent panencephalomyelitis. Several virus isolates obtained embryonated eggs cell cultures (Vero DF-1) inoculated with homogenates affected ducks. After exclusion other viruses, identified as a flavivirus...

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious of chickens causing significant economic losses worldwide. Due to the limitation in their efficacy, current vaccination strategies against ND need improvements. This study aimed evaluate new-generation vaccine for its efficacy providing clinical protection and reducing virus shedding after challenge. Broiler were vaccinated ovo or subcutaneously at hatch with turkey herpesvirus-based recombinant (rHVT) expressing key protective antigen (F...

Parvovirus infection of Muscovy ducks caused by a genetically and antigenically distinct virus has been reported from Germany, France, Israel, Hungary, some Asian countries the USA. The pathological changes include those degenerative skeletal muscle myopathy myocarditis, hepatitis, sciatic neuritis polioencephalomyelitis. In study presented here, day-old 3-week-old goslings were infected experimentally with three different parvovirus strains (isolates D-216/4 classical form Derzsy's disease,...

Avian reoviruses (ARV), an important pathogen of poultry, have received increasing interest lately due to their widespread occurrence, recognized genetic diversity, and association defined disease conditions or being present as co-infecting agents. The efficient control measures require the characterization available virus strains.The study describes ARV collection comprising over 200 isolates from diagnostic samples collected a decade 34 countries worldwide. One hundred thirty-six were...

Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to analyse goose parvovirus field isolates vaccine strains. Two fragments of the genome amplified. Fragment "A" represents a region VP3 gene, while fragment "B" upstream encompassing part VP1 gene. In deduced amino acid sequence strains was identical, therefore differentiation among could be done only at nucleotide level, which resulted in formation three groups: Hungarian, West-European Asian "B", separation groups by both level. The...

Fowl adenovirus D is the main cause of inclusion body hepatitis in chickens. Whole genome sequencing was carried out to enrich genomic sequence database using field isolates FAdV-D. Out 44 newly determined genomes, 43 were classified into FAdV-2/-11 and 2 FAdV-3; no FAdV-9 identified. Whole-genome based phylogeny showed that FAdV-3 more distantly related FAdV 9 than each other. homology analysis revealed full-length harbored a ~12 kbp fragment shared moderate with representative strains...

The swift evolution rate of avian influenza (AI) H5N1 virus demands constant efforts to update inactivated vaccines match antigenically with the emerging new field strains. Recently, a recombinant turkey herpesvirus (rHVT)-AI vaccine, rHVT-H5, expressing HA gene highly pathogenic (HPAI) clade 2.2 A/Swan/Hungary/499/2006 strain inserted into FC-126 HVT vector, has been developed combat current threats in poultry industry. Here, we present results two trials where rHVT-H5 was tested alone or...

The authors investigated an outbreak of West Nile Fever characterized by severe neurological symptoms and death in a flock 3600 6-week-old geese. Ataxia, intermittent torticollis opisthotonus, incoordination, rhythmic side-to-side movement the head, wriggling neck abnormal head position were features disease. Death occurred within 4 to 5 days after clinical signs appeared. average daily mortality was 15, reaching 14% (in total) over period 6 weeks. There no consistent gross pathological...

An outbreak of goose parvovirus (GPV) infection on a Swedish farm in the spring 2004 increased mortality rates from 2% early unaffected hatches to 90% and 99% respectively two following virus introduction 40% goslings hatched later same breeding season. In this paper we describe clinical observations, diagnostic procedures, epidemiologic investigation carried out elucidate source infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by serology, isolation, sequence analysis 493-bp-long fragment VP1 gene....

Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV), detected during routine diagnostic investigations from 38 countries (5 continents) over a decade, were partially sequenced and grouped by phylogenetic analysis. The partial polymerase gene nucleotide sequences of the 365 fowl adenovirus isolates resulted in following species distribution: 11% FAdV-A; 3% FAdV-B; 2% FAdV-C; 34% FAdV-D; 50% FAdV-E. Noticeably, only 79 strains could be associated with adenovirus-specific pathologic conditions: 62 (79%) inclusion body...

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a major threat to the poultry industry globally, represented by variety of genetic, pathogenic, and antigenic variants. The recognition infection may be challenging due several factors, as virulence strain, age, immune status birds at infection, name most important ones. Here we report about molecular typing IBDVs detected over recent years in Central Europe. results revealed diversity IBDV region, that is, very virulent strains being present all...

Recent outbreaks of haemorrhagic nephritis enteritis in geese flocks 3 to 10 weeks age Hungary were investigated. Mortality varied between 4% and 67%. Affected birds generally died suddenly. Occasional clinical signs included tremors the head neck, subcutaneous haemorrhages excretion faeces containing partly digested blood. At necropsy most frequent findings a turgid wall reddish mucosa intestines discolouration swollen kidneys, but oedema connective tissue, hydropericardium ascites also...

Routine molecular diagnostic testing by our laboratory, based on using a primer pair with conservative binding sites the spike glycoprotein coding sequence, has indicated recurring of unique phylogenetic cluster chicken infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV) in Middle East since 2010. The nearly full-length S1 subunit gene phylogeny selected strains, however, split up this grouping, suggesting potential recombination gene. In order to clarify this, various bioinformatic analyses strains were...

The control of Newcastle disease (ND) highly relies on vaccination. Immunity provided by a ND vaccine can be characterized measuring the level clinical protection and reduction in challenge virus shedding. extent shedding depends lot characteristics used quality vaccination, but influenced also genotype virus. We demonstrated that vaccination SPF chicks with recombinant herpesvirus turkey expressing F-gene I (rHVT-ND) complete against heterologous VII.1.1 strain reduced significantly. 100%...

Waterfowl play a key role in the epidemiology of H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus; therefore, efficient immunization domesticated ducks and geese to maximize impact other control measures is great importance. A recombinant (r)HVT-AI, expressing HA gene clade 2.2 HPAI strain had been developed proved be against different clades virus chickens after single vaccination at 1 day old could provide long-term immunity. We investigated whether rHVT-AI applied able...