ABSTRACT Wheat starch was processed in a 19 mm diameter, single screw extruder to study the physical and structural modifications that occur during extrusion cooking. Structural modification of polymers investigated using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), enzymatic digestions dilute solution viscometry. Both GPC intrinsic viscosity results showed average molecular size significantly decreased as result processing. The relative amount material excluded by Bio‐Gel A150m considerably lower...

ABSTRACT The effect of extrusion cooking in a single screw extruder on the molecular weight distribution wheat starch was correlated to melt rheology. A simple first‐order model has been developed which defines extent mechanical degradation amylopectin component as function nominal shear stress and residence time extruder. limited set experimental observations were used test model. Iso‐shear curves calculated for range conditions. can be used, conjunction with estimates time, calculate...

In a 35 000-picture exposure of the 30-in. hydrogen bubble chamber to 300-GeV/c proton beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 10 054 interactions have been observed. The measured total cross section is 40.68 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.55 mb, elastic 7.89 0.52 and average charged-particle multiplicity for inelastic events 8.50 0.12.

In a 35 000-picture exposure of the Fermilab 30-in. hydrogen bubble chamber to 300-GeV/c proton beam 1863 neutral ${V}^{0}'\mathrm{s}$ were measured. The inclusive cross sections for $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, ${K}_{s}^{0}$, $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}}{{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{0}}$, and $\frac{{\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{0}}{{\overline{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{0}}$ are 257 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 18 mb, 7.3 0.6 3.6 0.4 1.0 0.3 respectively. correlation with charged particles other...

ABSTRACT Three rheological measurements, as well cryo‐scanning electron microscopy, were used to study the mechanism of gel formation and structure a hydrocolloid‐based milk gel. Processing conditions included combinations pH level total solids concentration fat content. The first two variables their interaction influenced point, strength, viscoelasticity syneresis; while served primarily filler matrix, it also those properties. In model studies carrageenan kappa‐casein, calcium ions...

We develop a prioritization framework for foodborne risks that considers public health impact as well three other factors (market impact, consumer risk acceptance and perception, social sensitivity). Canadian case studies are presented six pathogen-food combinations: Campylobacter spp. in chicken; Salmonella chicken spinach; Escherichia coli O157 spinach beef; Listeria monocytogenes ready-to-eat meats. Public is measured by disability-adjusted life years the cost of illness. Market...

The study used a structured expert elicitation survey to derive estimates of food-specific attribution for nine illnesses caused by enteric pathogens in Canada. It was based on similar conducted the United States and focused Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica, Shigella Vibrio Yersinia enterocolitica, Cryptosporidium parvum, Norwalk-like virus. A snowball approach identify food safety experts within Survey respondents...

Single-particle distributions in transverse and longitudinal momenta have been studied $\mathrm{pp}$ interactions at 300 GeV/c. By comparing these for different multiplicities of produced particles with published low-energy data, we put forth the hypothesis a new type scaling: The shape ${p}_{T}$ ${p}_{L}$ are independent multiplicity incident energy.

Fuzzy logic is a modeling method well suited for the control of complex and non-linear systems. This paper illustrates some power fuzzy through simple example. For analytical chemist, incorporates imprecision from measurement noise as linguistic process descriptions to produce operational

ABSTRACT Residence time distributions for wheat starch in a single screw extruder were measured different operating conditions using manganese dioxide tracer. Two flow models which differed the definition of dead space used to represent pattern extruder. The parameters each model fitted experimental residence distributions. Screw speed and moisture level feed showed strongest effects on average time. A small fraction flow, 5–20%, was held up region. remainder passed directly through active...

SUMMARY This paper describes morbidity and mortality parameters for Campylobacter spp., Salmonella enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli , Listeria norovirus infections their primary associated sequelae [Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), haemolytic uraemic syndrome, reactive arthropathies Reiter's syndrome]. Data from a period of 4 years were obtained three national databases to estimate percentage reported cases hospitalized, mean annual hospitalization incidence rate, frequency by age sex,...

Fuzzy models to recognize consumer preferences were developed as part of an automated inspection system for biscuits. Digital images used estimate the physical features chocolate chip cookies including size, shape, baked dough color, and fraction top surface area that was chips. Polls conducted determine ratings cookies. Four fuzzy predict based on three features. There substantial variation in terms individual opinions, well poll-to-poll differences. Parameters inference system, values...

The study used a structured expert elicitation survey to derive estimates of the foodborne attributable proportion for nine illnesses caused by enteric pathogens in Canada. It was based on similar conducted United States and focused Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica, Shigella spp., Vibrio Yersinia enterocolitica, Cryptosporidium parvum, Norwalk-like virus. For each pathogen, experts were asked provide their best estimate low...

A method for extraction and identification of volatile flavor components in roasted peanuts is described. The based on supercritical fluid (SFE), with using gas chromatography−mass spectroscopy (GC−MS) scan mode. Appropriate choice density (0.35 g/mL CO2) temperature (50 °C), at a pressure 96 bar, results selective compounds associated rather than nonvolatile lipid material. examined this study were hexanol, hexanal, methylpyrrole, benzene acetaldehyde, methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine,...

ABSTRACT: Apple and orange juices packed in polyester bottles were stored dark, intense fluorescent (1500 lux), UV light conditions temperature-controlled (22 °C) chambers monitored more than 7 mo for ascorbic acid content color changes. Polyester beverage made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or PET blended with 0.25%, 1%, 4% naphthalate (PEN). The cut-off wavelength ranged from 322 nm to 373 the PEN/PET blend. Spectral irradiance, visible intensity, distribution evaluated compared...

The current functional organization and state of software development the computer control system Stanford Linear Accelerator is described. Included a discussion distribution functions throughout system, local controller features, currently implemented features touch panel portion system. use our "triplex" PDP11-34 computers sharing common memory Also included description "pseudopanel" tables as data for closed loop functions.

We have observed evidence for the double diffraction process $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{N}^{*}{N}^{*}$ at 300 GeV/c. The symbol ${N}^{*}$ is used here to refer low-mass enhancement which decays into three charged particles (with or without neutrals). cross section this reaction measured be 0.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 mb. single-beam-diffraction reaction, $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{N}^{*}$, 0.82\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08 These data are in good agreement...