A5011765448- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Biomedical Ethics and Regulation
- Noise Effects and Management
- Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Biological Activity of Diterpenoids and Biflavonoids
- Phytase and its Applications
- Protein purification and stability
- Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
- Radioactive contamination and transfer
- Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- Plant and animal studies
- Ethics in Clinical Research
University of York
2012-2023
National Centre for Atmospheric Science
2023
Wellcome Trust
2000
Proteins persist longer in the fossil record than DNA, but longevity, survival mechanisms and substrates remain contested. Here, we demonstrate role of mineral binding preserving protein sequence ostrich (Struthionidae) eggshell, including from palaeontological sites Laetoli (3.8 Ma) Olduvai Gorge (1.3 Tanzania. By tracking diagenesis back time find consistent patterns preservation, demonstrating authenticity surviving sequences. Molecular dynamics simulations struthiocalcin-1 -2, dominant...
Abstract. Isoprene is the most abundant non-methane biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC), but processes governing secondary aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene oxidation are only beginning to become understood and selective quantification of atmospheric particulate burden remains difficult. Organic above a tropical rainforest located in Danum Valley, Borneo, Malaysia, high emission region, was studied during Summer 2008 using Aerosol Mass Spectrometry offline detailed characterisation...
Abstract. The effect of photochemical ageing and initial precursor concentration on the composition hygroscopic properties secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed during chamber photo-oxidation β-caryophyllene/NOx mixtures were investigated. Nucleation β-caryophyllene SOA particles occurred almost immediately after oxidation was initiated led to formation fresh with a relatively simpler than has been reported for monoterpenes. yield values ranged from 9.5–26.7% 30.4–44.5% using differential...
Abstract. Biomass burning emits significant quantities of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) in a complex mixture, probably containing many thousands chemical species. These components are significantly more toxic have poorly understood chemistry compared to volatile routinely quantified ambient air; however, analysis I/SVOCs presents difficult analytical challenge. The gases particles emitted during the test combustion range domestic solid fuels collected...
Abstract. Ambient particulate matter (PM) can contain a mix of different toxic species derived from wide variety sources. This study quantifies the diurnal variation and nocturnal abundance 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 10 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) 9 nitrated (NPAHs) in ambient PM central Beijing during winter. Target compounds were identified quantified using gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q-ToF-MS). The total concentration varied between 18 297 ng m−3...
The life-critical matrices of air and water are among the most complex chemical mixtures that ever encountered. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometers, such as Orbitrap, provide unprecedented analytical capabilities to probe molecular composition matrices, but extraction non-targeted information is impractical perform via manual data processing. Automated tools rapidly extract all detected compounds within a sample dataset. However, these methods have not been exploited in environmental...
VOCs are used ubiquitously in consumer products. This population study investigates a wide-range of VOC concentrations indoors and links high butane with universal frequent aerosol use.
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is well-known to have adverse effects on air quality and human health. However, the dynamic mechanisms occurring during SOA formation evolution are poorly understood. The time-resolved composition formed photo-oxidation of three aromatic compounds, methyl chavicol, toluene 4-methyl catechol, were investigated at European Photoreactor. was collected using a particle into liquid sampler analyzed offline state-of-the-art mass spectrometry produce temporal...
Despite the fact that a significant number of organic and inorganic compounds have been measured in aerosol samples, relatively little is known about nitrogen (ON) content. The ON components 23 urban samples were characterized using direct thermal desorption technique (DTD) together with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF/MS). Between 17 57 various mainly nitriles, amides, amines, nitro found individual collected on different dates from...
Abstract. The use of β-caryophyllene secondary organic aerosol particles as seeds for smog chamber simulations has been investigated. A series experiments were carried out in the Manchester photochemical part Aerosol Coupling Earth System (ACES) project to study effect seed on formation (SOA) from limonene photo-oxidation. Rather than a conventional containing ammonium sulfate or diesel particles, method was developed in-situ generated photo-oxidation, which then diluted desired mass loading...
The behaviour and distribution of iodine in the environment are significant interest a range scientific disciplines, from health, as is an essential element for humans animals, to climate air quality, geochemistry. Aquatic environments reservoir iodine, where it exists low concentrations iodide, iodate dissolved organic which undergoes redox reactions. current measurement techniques species typically time-consuming, subject relatively poor precision require specialist instrumentation...
This paper reports the current concentrations, speciation and variability of VOCs in UK homes driven by buildings behaviour.
The influence of organic compounds on iodine (I2) emissions from the O3 + I– reaction at sea surface was investigated in laboratory and modeling studies using artificial solutions, natural subsurface seawater (SSW), and, for first time, samples microlayer (SML). Gas-phase I2 measured directly above liquid broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. were consistently lower (AS) than buffered potassium iodide (KI) solutions. Natural showed strongest reduction compared to solutions with...
Abstract. Atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NO + NO2 = NOx) have been measured at the Cape Verde Observatory (CVAO) in tropical Atlantic (16∘51′ N, 24∘52′ W) since October 2006. These measurements represent a unique time series of NOx background remote troposphere. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is via photolytic conversion to nitric oxide (NO) by ultraviolet light-emitting diode arrays followed chemiluminescence detection. Since began, blue light converter (BLC) has used for photolysis, with maximum...
The speciation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from personal care products (PCPs) is complex and contributes to poor air quality health risks users via the inhalation exposure pathway. Detailed VOC emission profiles were generated for 26 sunscreen products; consequently, variability was observed between products, even though they all designed same purpose. Some found contain fragrance not labelled on their ingredients list. Five contaminant VOCs identified (benzene, toluene,...
Abstract. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds are though to contribute significantly secondary aerosol formation in the tropics, but understanding these transformation processes has proved difficult, due complexity chemistry involved and very low concentrations. Aerosols from above a Southeast Asian tropical rainforest Borneo were characterised using liquid chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry, high-resolution spectrometry Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICRMS)...
In 2009, the Department of Health asked MRC and MHRA to identify major obstacles non-commercial clinical trials research in UK suggest remedial actions. Risk-proportionality trial management monitoring was identified as a key area sub-group formed to: • Develop process facilitate agreement stakeholders on level risk associated with an investigational medicinal product (CTIMP). • Identify how risk-adapted approaches for CTIMPs can be achieved within current regulatory framework. •...
Abstract. Isoprene is the most abundant non-methane biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC), but processes governing secondary aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene oxidation are only beginning to become understood and selective quantification of atmospheric particulate burden remains difficult. Organic above a tropical rainforest located in Danum Valley, Borneo, Malaysia, high emission region, was studied during Summer 2008 using Aerosol Mass Spectrometry offline detailed characterisation...
Abstract. Biomass burning emits significant quantities of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) in a complex mixture, probably containing many thousands chemical species. These components are significantly more toxic have poorly understood chemistry compared to routinely analysed ambient air, however quantification I/SVOCs presents difficult analytical challenge. The gases particles emitted during the test combustion range domestic solid fuels...
Abstract. Ambient particulate matter (PM) can contain a mix of different toxic species derived from wide variety sources. This study quantifies the variation in diurnal and nocturnal abundance 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), 10 Oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) 9 Nitrated (NPAHs) ambient PM central Beijing during winter. Target compounds were identified quantified using Gas Chromatography – time flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q-TOF-MS). The total concentration varied between 18 297 ng m−3...
Abstract. The use of β-caryophyllene secondary organic aerosol particles as seeds for smog chamber simulations has been investigated. A series experiments were carried out in the Manchester photochemical part Aerosol Coupling Earth System (ACES) project to study effect seed on formation (SOA) from limonene photo-oxidation. Rather than a conventional containing ammonium sulphate or diesel particles, method was developed situ generated photo-oxidation, which then diluted desired mass loading...
Abstract. The effect of photochemical ageing and initial precursor concentration on the composition hygroscopic properties secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed during chamber photo-oxidation β-caryophyllene/NOx mixtures were investigated. Nucleation β-caryophyllene SOA particles occurred almost immediately after oxidation was initiated led to formation fresh with a relatively simpler than has been reported for monoterpenes. yield values ranged from 9.5–26.7% 30.4–44.5% using DMPS an AMS...
Abstract. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds are though to contribute significantly secondary aerosol formation in the tropics, but understanding process these transformations has proved difficult, due complexity chemistry involved and very low concentrations. Aerosols from above a South East Asian tropical rainforest Borneo were characterised using liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry, high resolution spectrometry fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICRMS)...
Abstract. Atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NO + NO2 = NOx) have been measured at the Cape Verde Observatory (CVAO) in tropical Atlantic (16° 51' N, 24° 52' W) since October 2006. These measurements represent a unique time series of NOx background remote troposphere. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is via photolytic conversion to nitric oxide (NO) by ultra violet light emitting diode arrays followed chemiluminescence detection. Since began, blue converter (BLC) has used for photolysis, with maximum...