A5079868200- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Climate change and permafrost
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Climate variability and models
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Research in Social Sciences
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Skin Protection and Aging
- Radioactive contamination and transfer
- Simulation Techniques and Applications
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Adventure Sports and Sensation Seeking
Finnish Meteorological Institute
2014-2024
Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties processes that govern pack evolution its interaction with atmosphere ocean were conducted during Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition research vessel Polarstern in Ocean from October 2019 to September 2020. This work was embedded into interdisciplinary design 5 MOSAiC teams, studying atmosphere, sea ice, ocean, ecosystem, biogeochemical processes. The overall aim characterize cover...
Abstract. In order to quantify the effects of absorbing contaminants on snow, a series spectral reflectance measurements were conducted. Chimney soot, volcanic sand, and glaciogenic silt deposited natural snow surface in controlled way as part Soot Snow (SoS) campaign. The bidirectional factors these soiled surfaces untouched measured using Finnish Geodetic Institute's Field Goniospectropolariradiometer, FIGIFIGO. A remarkable feature is fact that enhanced metamorphism under strong sunlight...
Abstract. The manual snow survey program of the Arctic Research Centre Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI-ARC) consists numerous observations natural seasonal taiga snowpack in Sodankylä, northern Finland. easily accessible measurement areas represent typical forest and soil types boreal zone. Systematic measurements began 1909 with depth (HS) water equivalent (SWE). In 2006 expanded to cover macro- microstructure from regular pits at several sites using both traditional novel techniques....
Abstract. Arctic rain on snow (ROS) deposits liquid water onto existing snowpacks. Upon refreezing, this can form icy crusts at the surface or within snowpack. By altering radar backscatter and microwave emissivity, ROS over sea ice influence accuracy of variables retrieved from satellite altimetry, scatterometers, passive radiometers. During Ocean MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Climate) expedition, there was an unprecedented opportunity to observe a event using in...
Abstract. Light-absorbing impurities (LAIs) deposited in snow have the potential to substantially affect radiation budget, with subsequent implications for melt. To more accurately quantify albedo, contribution from different LAIs needs be assessed. Here we estimate main LAI components, elemental carbon (EC) (as a proxy black carbon) and mineral dust Indian Himalayas paired results samples Arctic Finland. The are collected onto quartz filters analyzed thermal–optically EC, as well an...
The behaviour and distribution of iodine in the environment are significant interest a range scientific disciplines, from health, as is an essential element for humans animals, to climate air quality, geochemistry. Aquatic environments reservoir iodine, where it exists low concentrations iodide, iodate dissolved organic which undergoes redox reactions. current measurement techniques species typically time-consuming, subject relatively poor precision require specialist instrumentation...
Abstract. An extensive in situ data set of snow depth, water equivalent (SWE), and density collected support the European Space Agency (ESA) SnowSAR-2 airborne campaigns northern Finland during winter 2011–2012 is presented (ESA Earth Observation Campaigns 2000–2016). The suitability measurement protocol to provide an accurate reference for simultaneous SAR (synthetic aperture radar) products over different land cover types was analysed context spatial scale, sample spacing, uncertainty....
Abstract. Arctic rain-on-snow (ROS) deposits liquid water onto existing snowpacks. Upon refreezing, this can form icy crusts at the surface or within snowpack. By altering radar backscatter and microwave emissivity, ROS over sea ice influence accuracy of variables retrieved from satellite altimetry, scatterometers, passive radiometers. During Ocean MOSAiC Expedition, there was an unprecedented opportunity to observe a event using in situ active instruments similar those deployed on...
This work aims at the development and validation of a zeroth order radiative transfer (RT) approach to describe visible band (555 nm) reflectance conifer-dominated boreal forest for needs remote sensing snow. is accomplished by applying airborne mast-borne spectrometer data sets together with high-resolution information on canopy characteristics. In case aerial observations, tree characteristics determined from LIDAR observations are applied quantify effect scene reflectance. The results...
Inter-annual variation of meteorological conditions and their effects on snow ice thickness in an Arctic lake Unari (67.14° N, 25.73° E) were investigated for winters 1980/1981–2012/2013. The thicknesses modelled applying a thermodynamic model, the results compared with observations. Regression equations derived relationships between parameters properties. composite differences large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns seasons thin thick analysed. air temperature had increasing trend...
Abstract Spectral reflectance of natural snow samples representing various stratigraphies was investigated in a controlled dark laboratory environment. Mean and Std dev. band specific values were determined for several satellite sensor bands utilized remote sensing snow. The dry, moist, wet littered different instruments varied between 0.63–0.97 the visible near-infrared at an incoming light zenith angle θ = 55°. results indicate that MODIS 4 (545–565 nm), essential to mapping, drops by 9%...
Abstract. The European Space Agency SnowSAR instrument is a side-looking, dual-polarised (VV/VH), X/Ku band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), operable from various sizes of aircraft. Between 2010 and 2013, the was deployed at several sites in Northern Finland, Austrian Alps northern Canada. purpose airborne campaigns to measure backscattering properties snow-covered terrain support development snow water equivalent retrieval techniques using SAR. Sodankylä, for single flight mission March 2011...
Abstract. We publish and describe a surface spectral reflectance data record of seasonal snow (dry, wet, shadowed), forest ground (lichen, moss) canopy (spruce pine, branches) constituting the main elements boreal landscape. The reflectances are measured with spectro(radio)meters covering wavelengths from visible (VIS) to short-wave infrared (SWIR) (350 2500 nm). In this paper, we instruments used how observations at different scales along concurrent in situ reference have been collected,...
Abstract. This paper describes the laboratory facilities at Finnish Meteorological Institute – Arctic Research Centre (FMI-ARC, http://fmiarc.fmi.fi). They comprise an optical laboratory, a facility for biological studies, and office. A dark room has been built, in which table fixed lamp test system are set up, electronics allow high-precision adjustment of current. The Brewer spectroradiometer, NILU-UV multifilter radiometer, Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) spectroradiometer FMI-ARC...
Humans obtain vitamin D from conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation or dietary sources. As level is insufficient winter, deficiency common at higher latitudes. We assessed whether vernal solar UVB latitudes 61°N and 67°N Finland has an impact on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin [S-25(OH)D] concentrations. Twenty-seven healthy volunteers participated outdoor activities snow-covered terrain for 4–10 days March April, with their face hands sun-exposed. The...
Abstract. Light-absorbing impurities affect snow and ice via a decrease in albedo consequent disturbance to the radiative energy balance. Experimentally, these matters have only been examined few studies. Here we present results from series of experiments which deposited different soot concentrations onto natural regions Finland, thereafter monitored changes snowpack through melting season. Measurements particulates indicated range thousands ppb clear effects on properties, including albedo,...
Abstract. The Arctic Snow Microstructure Experiment (ASMEx) took place in Sodankylä, Finland the winters of 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. Radiometric, macro-, microstructure measurements were made under different experimental conditions homogenous snow slabs, extracted from natural seasonal taiga snowpack. Traditional modern measurement techniques used for macro- observations. Radiometric microwave emission on reflector absorber bases at frequencies 18.7, 21.0, 36.5, 89.0, 150.0 GHz, both...
Arctic sea ice is changing rapidly. Its retreat significantly impacts heat fluxes, ocean currents, and ecology, warranting the continuous monitoring tracking of changes to extent thickness. L-band (1.4 GHz) microwave radiometry can measure thickness for thin ≤1 m, depending on salinity temperature. The sensitivity makes measurements complementary radar altimetry which thick with reasonable accuracy. During Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory Study Climate (MOSAiC) expedition, we deployed...
Abstract. In order to quantify the effects of absorbing contaminants on snow, a series spectral reflectance measurements were conducted. Chimney soot, volcanic sand, and glaciogenic silt deposited natural snow surface in controlled way as part Soot Snow (SoS) campaign. The bidirectional factors these soiled surfaces untouched measured using Finnish Geodetic Institute's Field Goniospectropolariradiometer, FIGIFIGO. A remarkable feature is fact that enhanced our experiments metamorphosis under...
Abstract. In this paper, an extensive dataset of snow in situ measurements, collected support airborne SAR-acquisitions Sodankylä and Saariselkä test sites northern Finland, is used to analyse the heterogeneity bulk properties (snow depth, density water equivalent) over different land cover types taiga tundra areas. addition, applicability spatial frequencies sampling estimate true conditions investigated. Overall, highest variability was found sparsely vegetated groups, but scale variation...
Abstract. This paper describes the laboratory facilities at Finnish Meteorological Institute – Arctic Research Centre (FMI-ARC). They comprise an optical laboratory, a facility for biological studies and office. A dark room has been built, in which table fixed lamp test system are set up, electronics allow high precision adjustment of current. The Brewer spectroradiometer, NILU-UV multifilter radiometer ASD spectroradiometer FMI-ARC regularly calibrated or checked stability laboratory. ideal...
Abstract. We publish and describe a surface spectral reflectance data record of seasonal snow (dry, wet, shadowed), forest ground (lichen, moss) canopy (spruce pine, branches) constituting the main elements boreal landscape. The reflectances are measured with spectro(radio)meters covering wavelengths from visible (VIS) to short-wave infrared (SWIR) (350 2500 nm). In this paper, we instruments used how observations at different scales along concurrent in situ reference have been collected,...
Photochemical release of iodine from snow has been suggested as a source reactive to the Arctic atmosphere, however understanding underlying mechanism and potential strength is hindered by lack measurements concentration speciation in snow. Moreover, origin also unknown. Here, we report on sea ice at range depths 177 samples, representing 80 sampling events, December 2019 October 2020 collected during Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. We...