A5084523084- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Climate change and permafrost
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Marine and environmental studies
- Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
- Food Industry and Aquatic Biology
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Scientific Research and Discoveries
- Climate variability and models
- Marine and Coastal Research
- Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Marine and fisheries research
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Aquatic and Environmental Studies
- Marine animal studies overview
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
2016-2025
Sun Yat-sen University
2023
Microplastics (MP) are recognized as a growing environmental hazard and have been identified far the remote Polar Regions, with particularly high concentrations of microplastics in sea ice. Little is known regarding horizontal variability MP within ice how underlying water body affects composition during growth. Here we show that has no uniform polymer that, depending on growth region drift paths ice, unique patterns can be observed different horizons. Thus even regions such Arctic Ocean,...
Although mounting evidence suggests the ubiquity of microplastic in aquatic ecosystems worldwide, our knowledge its distribution remote environments such as Polar Regions and deep sea is scarce. Here, we analyzed nine sediment samples taken at HAUSGARTEN observatory Arctic 2340-5570 m depth. Density separation by MicroPlastic Sediment Separator treatment with Fenton's reagent enabled analysis via Attenuated Total Reflection FTIR μFTIR spectroscopy. Our analyses indicate wide spread high...
Diatom Fall 2012 saw the greatest Arctic ice minimum ever recorded. This allowed unprecedented access for research vessels deep into Ocean to make high-latitude observations of melt and associated phenomena. From RV Polarstern between 84° 89° North, Boetius et al. (p. 1430 , published online 14 February; see cover) observed large-scale algal aggregates diatom Melosira arctica hanging beneath multiyear seasonal across a wide range latitudes. The strands algae were readily dislodged formed on...
With the Arctic rapidly changing, needs to observe, understand, and model changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations atmospheric properties, processes, interactions were made while drifting with sea ice across central during Multidisciplinary Observatory for Study Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 September 2020. An international team designed implemented comprehensive program document characterize all aspects system in unprecedented detail,...
Abstract Within the past decade, an alarm was raised about microplastics in remote and seemingly pristine Arctic Ocean. To gain further insight issue, microplastic abundance, distribution composition sea ice cores (n = 25) waters underlying floes 22) were assessed Central Basin (ACB). Potential visually isolated subsequently analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. Microplastic abundance surface (0–18 particles m −3 ) orders of magnitude lower than concentrations (2–17...
Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties processes that govern pack evolution its interaction with atmosphere ocean were conducted during Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition research vessel Polarstern in Ocean from October 2019 to September 2020. This work was embedded into interdisciplinary design 5 MOSAiC teams, studying atmosphere, sea ice, ocean, ecosystem, biogeochemical processes. The overall aim characterize cover...
Abstract. Following the launch of ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, it has been shown that brightness temperatures at a low microwave frequency 1.4 GHz (L-band) are sensitive to sea ice properties. In first demonstration study, thickness up 50 cm derived using semi-empirical algorithm with constant tie-points. Here, we introduce novel iterative retrieval is based on thermodynamic model three-layer radiative transfer model, which explicitly takes variations temperature...
Arctic Ocean properties and processes are highly relevant to the regional global coupled climate system, yet still scarcely observed, especially in winter. Team OCEAN conducted a full year of physical oceanography observations as part Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Climate (MOSAiC), drift with sea ice from October 2019 September 2020. An international team designed implemented program characterize system unprecedented detail, seafloor air-sea ice-ocean interface,...
The increased global production of plastics has been mirrored by greater accumulations plastic litter in marine environments worldwide. Global estimates based on field observations account only for 1% the total volumes assumed to enter ecosystem from land, raising again question 'Where is all plastic? '. Scant information exists temporal trends transport and accumulation deep seafloor. Here, we present results photographic time-series surveys indicating a strong increase over period...
Abstract Sea ice is an important transport vehicle for gaseous, dissolved and particulate matter in the Arctic Ocean. Due to recently observed acceleration sea drift, it has been assumed that more advected by Transpolar Drift from shallow shelf waters central Ocean beyond. However, this study provides first evidence intensified melt marginal zones of interrupts transarctic conveyor belt led a reduction survival rates exported Siberian shelves (−15% per decade). As consequence, less formed...
Some of the highest microplastic concentrations in marine environments have been reported from Fram Strait Arctic. This region supports a diverse ecosystem dependent on high zooplankton at base food web. Zooplankton samples were collected during research cruises using Bongo and MOCNESS nets boreal summers 2018 2019. Using FTIR scanning spectroscopy combination with an automated polymer identification approach, we show that all five species Arctic investigated had ingested microplastics....
Sea ice growth and decay are critical processes in the Arctic climate system, but comprehensive observations very sparse. We analyzed data from 23 sea mass balance buoys (IMBs) deployed during Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study of Climate (MOSAiC) expedition 2019–2020 to investigate seasonality timing thermodynamic Transpolar Drift. The reveal four stages season: (I) onset basal freezing, mid-October November; (II) rapid growth, December–March; (III) slow April–May; (IV)...
Sea ice thickness is a key parameter in the polar climate and ecosystem. Thermodynamic dynamic processes alter sea thickness. The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition provided unique opportunity to study seasonal changes same ice. We analyzed 11 large-scale (∼50 km) airborne electromagnetic surface roughness surveys from October 2019 September 2020. Data mass balance position buoys additional information. found that thermodynamic growth decay...
Abstract. Sea ice thickness information is important for sea modelling and ship operations. Here a method to detect the of up 50 cm during freeze-up season based on high incidence angle observations Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite working at 1.4 GHz suggested. By comparison thermodynamic growth data with SMOS brightness temperatures, correlation intensity an anticorrelation difference between vertically horizontally polarised temperatures angles 40 50° are found used develop...
Abstract. In September 2019, the research icebreaker Polarstern started largest multidisciplinary Arctic expedition to date, MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study of Climate) drift experiment. Being moored an ice floe a whole year, thus including winter season, declared goal is better understand and quantify relevant processes within atmosphere–ice–ocean system that impact sea mass energy budget, ultimately leading much improved climate models. Satellite observations,...
Abstract. We combine satellite data products to provide a first and general overview of the physical sea ice conditions along drift international Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition comparison with previous years (2005–2006 2018–2019). find that MOSAiC was around 20 % faster than climatological mean drift, as consequence large-scale low-pressure anomalies prevailing Barents–Kara–Laptev region between January March. In winter (October–April),...
The ocean moderates the world's climate through absorption of heat and carbon, but how much carbon will continue to absorb remains unknown. North Atlantic Ocean west (Baffin Bay/Labrador Sea) east (Fram Strait/Greenland Greenland features most intense anthropogenic globally; biological pump (BCP) contributes substantially. As Arctic sea-ice melts, BCP changes, impacting global other critical attributes (e.g. biodiversity). Full understanding requires year-round observations across a range...
Plastic pollution has become ubiquitous with very high quantities detected even in ecosystems as remote Arctic sea ice and deep-sea sediments. Ice algae growing underneath are released upon melting can form fast-sinking aggregates. In this pilot study, we sampled analyzed the algaeMelosira arcticaand ambient water from three locations Fram Strait to assess their microplastic content potential a temporary sink pathway deep seafloor. Analysis by μ-Raman fluorescence microscopy microplastics...
Central Arctic properties and processes are important to the regional global coupled climate system. The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study of Climate (MOSAiC) Distributed Network (DN) autonomous ice-tethered systems aimed bridge gaps in our understanding temporal spatial scales, particular with respect resolution Earth system models. By characterizing variability around local measurements made at a Observatory, DN covers both interactions involving ocean-ice-atmosphere...
Abstract In recent years, sea‐ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean changed substantially toward a younger and thinner cover. To capture scope of these changes identify differences between individual regions, situ observations from expeditions are valuable data source. We present continuous time series measurements N‐ICE2015 expedition January to June 2015 Basin north Svalbard, comprising snow buoy ice mass balance local regional gained electromagnetic induction (EM) surveys probe four distinct...
Abstract. Fram Strait is the main gateway for sea ice export out of Arctic Ocean, and therefore observations there give insight into composition properties in general how it varies over time. A data set ground-based airborne electromagnetic thickness measurements collected during summer between 2001 2012 presented here, including long transects well southern part Transpolar Drift obtained using fixed-wing aircrafts. The primary source surveyed leaving Laptev Sea its age has decreased from 3...