A5009535288- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Climate change and permafrost
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Climate variability and models
- Marine and environmental studies
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Research in Social Sciences
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Marine and fisheries research
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
- Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Scientific Research and Discoveries
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Maritime Navigation and Safety
- Offshore Engineering and Technologies
- Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions
- solar cell performance optimization
Finnish Meteorological Institute
2016-2025
Marine Institute
2021
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
2020
Behörde für Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz
2020
AFRY (Finland)
2017
University of Helsinki
1994-2003
University of Alaska Fairbanks
2001
From the frontiers of research on ice dynamics in its broadest sense, this review surveys structures ice, patterns or morphologies it may assume, and physical chemical processes which is involved. Open questions various fields nature are highlighted, ranging from terrestrial oceanic Earth, to atmosphere, other Solar System bodies interstellar space.
Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties processes that govern pack evolution its interaction with atmosphere ocean were conducted during Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition research vessel Polarstern in Ocean from October 2019 to September 2020. This work was embedded into interdisciplinary design 5 MOSAiC teams, studying atmosphere, sea ice, ocean, ecosystem, biogeochemical processes. The overall aim characterize cover...
Abstract. Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge effects global warming past future changes climate Sea region is summarised assessed. The study an update Second Climate Change (BACC II) published 2015 focuses atmosphere, land, cryosphere, ocean, sediments, terrestrial marine biosphere. summaries gained palaeo-, historical, regional research, we find that main conclusions from earlier...
Sea ice growth and decay are critical processes in the Arctic climate system, but comprehensive observations very sparse. We analyzed data from 23 sea mass balance buoys (IMBs) deployed during Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study of Climate (MOSAiC) expedition 2019–2020 to investigate seasonality timing thermodynamic Transpolar Drift. The reveal four stages season: (I) onset basal freezing, mid-October November; (II) rapid growth, December–March; (III) slow April–May; (IV)...
Abstract. A natural hazard is a naturally occurring extreme event that has negative effect on people and society or the environment. Natural hazards may have severe implications for human life can potentially generate economic losses damage ecosystems. better understanding of their major causes, probability occurrence, consequences enables to be prepared save lives as well invest in adaptation options. related climate change are identified one Grand Challenges Baltic Sea region. Here, we...
[1] Time series (1990–2011) of sea ice thickness observed by moored sonars in the Transpolar Drift Fram Strait are examined. Contrasting post-2007 years against 1990s, three remarkable changes monthly distributions highlighted: (1) The old level (modal thickness) is reduced 32%, (2) modal peak width 25%, and (3) fraction (ridged) thicker than 5 m 50%. combined effect on mean a reduction from an annual average 3.0 during 1990s to 2.2 2008–2011. Most thinning took place after 2005–2006. While...
Abstract Arctic sea ice has displayed significant thinning as well an increase in drift speed recent years. Taken together this suggests associated rise deformation rate. A winter and spring expedition to the covered region north of Svalbard–the Norwegian young ICE2015 (N‐ICE2015)—gave opportunity deploy extensive buoy arrays monitor first‐year second‐year now common majority Basin. During 5 month long expedition, cover underwent several strong events, including a powerful storm early...
Abstract. We present Nemo-Nordic, a Baltic and North Sea model based on the NEMO ocean engine. Surrounded by highly industrialized countries, seas their assets associated with shipping, fishing tourism are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure climate change. Ocean models providing reliable forecasts enabling climatic studies important tools for shipping infrastructure get better understanding of effects change marine ecosystems. Nemo-Nordic is intended be tool both short-term long-term...
A large retreat of sea-ice in the 'stormy' Atlantic Sector Arctic Ocean has become evident through a series record minima for winter maximum extent since 2015. Results from Norwegian young sea ICE (N-ICE2015) expedition, five-month-long (Jan-Jun) drifting ice station first and second year pack-ice north Svalbard, showcase how this region is frequently affected by passing storms. Here we synthesise interdisciplinary N-ICE2015 dataset, including independent observations atmosphere, snow,...
Abstract. In September 2019, the research icebreaker Polarstern started largest multidisciplinary Arctic expedition to date, MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study of Climate) drift experiment. Being moored an ice floe a whole year, thus including winter season, declared goal is better understand and quantify relevant processes within atmosphere–ice–ocean system that impact sea mass energy budget, ultimately leading much improved climate models. Satellite observations,...
Abstract Snow‐depth distributions on sea ice have substantial impacts winter growth and summer melt. There are two types of wind‐related snow in this environment: snowdrifts that form around pressure ridges; dunes other bedforms relatively level, undeformed ice. A snow‐evolution modeling system (SnowModel) was tested against observations collected during the Norwegian young ICE expedition (N‐ICE2015) north Svalbard, with an emphasis reproducing these distributions. The SnowModel simulation...
Central Arctic properties and processes are important to the regional global coupled climate system. The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study of Climate (MOSAiC) Distributed Network (DN) autonomous ice-tethered systems aimed bridge gaps in our understanding temporal spatial scales, particular with respect resolution Earth system models. By characterizing variability around local measurements made at a Observatory, DN covers both interactions involving ocean-ice-atmosphere...
The first continuous and high temporal resolution record of spectral albedo transmittance snow sea ice in the Arctic Ocean over an entire summer season is presented. Measurements were performed at a manned station on multiyear Transpolar Drift during drift schooner Tara from April to September 2007. Concurrent autonomous measurements mass balance weekly observations sea‐ice properties complement data set. seasonality physical biological processes characterized, including quantification melt...
The Arctic is undergoing significant environmental changes due to climate warming. most evident signal of this warming the shrinking and thinning ice cover Ocean. If continues, as global models predict, Ocean will change from a perennially ice‐covered seasonally ice‐free ocean. Estimates when occur vary 2030s end century. One reason for huge uncertainty lack systematic observations describing state, variability, in
Abstract We studied small‐scale (50 m to 5 km) sea ice deformation from ship radar images recorded during the N‐ICE2015 campaign. The campaign consisted of four consecutive drifting stations (Floes 1–4) north Svalbard, with a total duration nearly months. Deformation was calculated using different time intervals 10 min 24 h, and rate found depend strongly on scale. Floes 1–3 had mean within range 0.06–0.07 h −1 interval min, 0.03–0.04 1 h. Floe 4 represented marginal zone (MIZ) very high...
Abstract. Nonlinear responses to externally forced climate change are known dampen or amplify the local impact due complex cross-compartmental feedback loops in Earth system. These feedbacks less well represented traditional stand-alone atmosphere and ocean models on which many of today's regional assessments rely (e.g., EURO-CORDEX, NOSCCA BACC II). This has promoted development for Baltic Sea region by coupling different compartments system into more comprehensive models. Coupled...
We project changes in the annual maximum ice extent and coastal fast thickness Baltic Sea during ongoing century. The influence of future warming on conditions was assessed using November–March mean temperature as a predictor for (MIB), local freezing degree-day sum thickness. Future winter temperatures were derived by adjusting observational baseline-period accordance with projections based 28 global climate models (GCMs) participating Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. Under...
Abstract. The Baltic Sea is a seasonally ice-covered marginal sea in northern Europe with intense wintertime ship traffic and sensitive ecosystem. Understanding modeling the evolution of sea-ice pack important for climate effect studies forecasting purposes. Here we present evaluate component new NEMO–LIM3.6-based ocean–sea-ice setup North region (NEMO-Nordic). includes depth-based fast-ice parametrization Sea. evaluation focuses on long-term statistics, from 45-year long hindcast, although...
Abstract. Forecasts of sea-ice motion and fragmentation are vital importance for all human interactions with sea ice, ranging from those involving indigenous hunters to shipping in polar regions. Sea-ice models also important simulating long-term changes a warming climate. Here, we apply the Helsinki Discrete Element Model (HiDEM), originally developed glacier calving, breakup dynamics. The code is highly optimized utilize high-end supercomputers achieve an extreme time space resolution....
A multicategory sea ice model that explicitly takes into account redistribution of undeformed categories ridged and rafted is introduced with the intention investigating simulation open water fraction within ice. The performance this compared a reduced accounts for only two categories, latter type sea‐ice being most widely used in global climate models. Two idealized scenarios are considered: polynya formation along coastline under offshore winds low‐pressure system passing over an field....
In this study, a multicategory sea ice model with explicit classes for ridged and rafted was used to examine the evolution of deformed during period 1980–2002. The results show that (1) comprises roughly 45–60% Arctic volume 25–45% area, (2) most perennial consists ice, (3) exhibits small seasonal variability. Our also an increase in mean thickness 4–6 cm yr −1 summer area north Canadian Archipelago corresponding decrease East Siberian Sea Nansen Basin. At same time, age has been observed...
Abstract The winter of 2014/2015 was the first for which we can be certain that northernmost embayment Baltic Sea, Bothnian Bay, remained partially ice‐free. We assess atmospheric and oceanic drivers responsible this extreme event. In terms drivers, mild Bay winters are characterized by positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) associated with advection air from Atlantic. 2014/2015, NAO at a record high level resulted in northerly storm track vigorous southwesterlies drove ice toward...