A5030601936- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Marine and environmental studies
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Marine and fisheries research
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Climate variability and models
- Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
- Aquatic and Environmental Studies
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Scientific Research and Discoveries
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Environmental Monitoring and Data Management
- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Maritime Navigation and Safety
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Offshore Engineering and Technologies
- Climate change and permafrost
Finnish Meteorological Institute
2014-2024
Technical University of Munich
2021
Finnish Environment Institute
2012
Abstract. Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge effects global warming past future changes climate Sea region is summarised assessed. The study an update Second Climate Change (BACC II) published 2015 focuses atmosphere, land, cryosphere, ocean, sediments, terrestrial marine biosphere. summaries gained palaeo-, historical, regional research, we find that main conclusions from earlier...
Abstract. A natural hazard is a naturally occurring extreme event that has negative effect on people and society or the environment. Natural hazards may have severe implications for human life can potentially generate economic losses damage ecosystems. better understanding of their major causes, probability occurrence, consequences enables to be prepared save lives as well invest in adaptation options. related climate change are identified one Grand Challenges Baltic Sea region. Here, we...
Abstract. We present Nemo-Nordic, a Baltic and North Sea model based on the NEMO ocean engine. Surrounded by highly industrialized countries, seas their assets associated with shipping, fishing tourism are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure climate change. Ocean models providing reliable forecasts enabling climatic studies important tools for shipping infrastructure get better understanding of effects change marine ecosystems. Nemo-Nordic is intended be tool both short-term long-term...
The absolute sea level trend from May 1995 to 2019 in the Baltic Sea is analyzed by means of a regional monthly gridded dataset based on dedicated processing satellite altimetry data. In addition, we evaluate role North Atlantic Oscillation and wind patterns shaping differences variability at sub-basin scale. To compile dataset, use information collected coastal areas leads within sea-ice. validated comparison with tide gauges available global products. agreement between trends computed...
Abstract. Wave conditions in the northern Baltic Proper during windstorm Erwin/Gudrun (January 2005) are analysed based on situ measurements three locations and output of operational wave models from German Weather Forecast Service, Danish Meteorological Institute Finnish Marine Research. The measured significant height reached 7.2 m 4.5 Gulf Finland. roughest conditions, estimated comparison forecast data, occurred remote sensors, off coasts Saaremaa Latvia where was about 9.5 m. Peak...
Abstract. This paper describes Nemo-Nordic 2.0, an operational marine model for the Baltic Sea. The is used both near-real-time forecasts and hindcast purposes. It provides estimates of sea surface height, water temperature, salinity, velocity, as well ice concentration thickness. based on NEMO (Nucleus European Modelling Ocean) circulation previous 1.0 configuration by Hordoir et al. (2019). most notable updates include switch from version 3.6 to 4.0, updated bathymetry, revised bottom...
Major Baltic Inflows (MBI) have a significant impact on physics, biogeochemistry and marine life in the Sea. Spreading of North Sea water from Danish Straits to Eastern Gotland Basin has been rigorously studied recent decades. Investigations lateral signal propagation using in-situ measurements, which cover area Gulf Finland, are missing. Estonian-Swedish-German-Finnish oceanographic data January 2014 March 2017 were merged analyzed fill gap. Recent MBIs caused considerable changes column...
Abstract. The Archipelago Sea (in the Baltic Sea) is characterised by thousands of islands various sizes and steep gradients bottom topography. Together with much deeper Åland Sea, acts as a pathway to water exchange between neighbouring basins, proper Bothnian Sea. We studied circulation transports in using new configuration NEMO 3D hydrodynamic model that covers Sea–Archipelago region horizontal resolution around 500 m. results show currents are steered geometry straits Currents highest...
We used a 3D hydrodynamic model, COHERENS, to simulate the temperature, salinity and currents in an extremely complicated area, Archipelago Sea Baltic Sea. The high-resolution model domain with approximately 460 m resolution was nested inside coarser (~ 3.7 km) grid covering entire verification of results against temperature measurements showed that well captured seasonal cycle surface layer, both inner outer archipelago. In archipelago, tended reproduce higher temperatures bottom layer than...
Abstract Accurate predictions of surface ocean waves in coastal areas are important for a number marine activities. In complex coastlines with islands and fjords, the quality wind forcing significantly affects results. We investigate role on wave conditions fjord system partly exposed to open sea. For this reason, we implemented model SWAN at west coast Norway using four different forcing. Wind estimates were compared observations from five measurement sites. The best results terms...
Abstract In slanting fetch conditions the direction of actively growing waves is strongly controlled by geometry. The effect was found to be pronounced in long and narrow Gulf Finland Baltic Sea, where it significantly modifies directional wave climate. Three models with different assumptions on coupling between components were used analyze physics responsible for behavior gulf. directionally decoupled model produced at spectral peak correctly when geometry but gave a weaker steering than...
We studied circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland, an estuary-like sub-basin Baltic Sea. According to previous observations and model results, long-term mean gulf is cyclonic mainly density driven, whereas short-term are wind driven. used high-resolution 3D hydrodynamic NEMO simulate years 2012–2014. Our aim was investigate role some key features, like river runoff occasional events, formation patterns. results show that many differences visible annual from one year another caused by a...
Abstract. This paper presents how to account for the lack of sampling variability in model data when they are combined with wave measurements. We addressed dissimilarities between types by either (i) low-pass filtering observations or (ii) adding synthetic model. Measurement–model times series these methods served as basis return period estimates a high event January 2019. During this storm northerly wind speeds Baltic Sea rose 32.5 m s−1 and an unprecedented significant height 8.1 was...
This paper investigates the performance of three different wave model source term packages in narrow fetch geometries. The are used to sea state a complex coastal system with fjords on west coast Norway. modelling is based Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) that forced winds from nested atmospheric and spectra regional at boundaries. performances recent ST6, two older SWAN white-capping wind input packages, evaluated by comparing modelled integrated parameters against five buoys. comparison...
Interactions of sea surface waves and ocean circulation are traditionally modeled using simplified parameterizations, often based on global data. More refined estimates wave-ocean interactions hydrodynamics can be achieved through coupled models with both wave components. When moving from implicit parameterizations to explicit formulations, reevaluation the governing momentum energy transfer as well vertical mixing turbulence is inevitable. This particularly...
Abstract. The Archipelago Sea (AS) in the Baltic is a complicated fragmented sea area with numerous small islands and islets that are crossed by several deeper straits. functions as major route for both transport leisure activities on well many other forms of blue economy. Even high maritime this area, knowledge currents along deep channels crossing AS has been limited due to lack quality ensured measurements. To enhance general understanding dynamics AS, we have collected analysed 10...
Abstract. A significant wave height of 7 m has been measured five times by the northern Baltic Proper buoy in Sea, exceeding 8 twice (2004 and 2017). We classified these storms into two groups duration steepness. Interestingly, highest events exhibited opposite properties, with 2017 event being longest storm on record. This is also first where harshest conditions were modelled to occur western part Proper. The metrics quantifying storm's steepness might aid issuing warnings for extreme conditions.
The seasonal ice cover has significant effect on the wave climate of Baltic Sea. We used third-generation model WAM to simulate Sea field during four seasons (2009†-2012). data from two different sources: daily charts compiled by FMI's Ice Service and modeled mean concentration SMHI's NEMO†Nordic model. utilized methods: a fixed threshold 30 % concentration, after which energy is set zero, grid obstruction method up 70 zero. simulations run using chart had slightly better accuracy than...
WAM, SWAN and WAVEWATCH III® were implemented to the Finnish archipelago with a 0.1 nmi grid. A comparison coastal wave buoy observations showed that models agreed on significant height, biases root-mean-square-errors (RMSE) differing at most 0.06 m. In general sense, WAM propagated long energy into archipelago, while generated highest local waves. The performance of III was wind direction dependent. model tendencies caused them disagree peak period near coast, differences in mean values...
Abstract We studied the water age and transport of passive tracers in Archipelago Sea, Baltic using COHERENS 3D hydrodynamic model OpenDrift Lagrangian particle model. The mean age, which was calculated with over a period 6 years, varied between 1 3 months outer archipelago middle archipelago. highest inner archipelago, up to 7 months. As density stratification is weak large parts this area, except for seasonal thermocline, significant differences surface bottom layers were seen only river...