The effect of Brønsted acids on the hydrothermal dehydration fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a promising platform chemical from renewable resources, exceeds sole donation catalytically active protons.

Hydrothermal carbonization experiments were performed with fructose solutions as feedstock. A kinetic model is proposed that models hydrochar formation based on molar concentrations. On the basis of SEM pictures, mean particles size was determined, and it could be demonstrated growth not directly related to rate or decreasing intermediates concentration in aqueous solution. Four additives (salts) have been tested, results point out ionic strength an important factor control particle size....

This study aims to investigate how the morphology of cellulose influences hydrolysis and carbonization during hydrothermal treatment at temperatures between 180 240 °C. The cellulose, especially different crystallinities degrees polymerization, is represented by microcrystalline α-cellulose. Kinetic analysis considered a tool allow determination mechanisms two types process. A kinetic model, in which assumed be hydrolyzed limited extent, proposed. Five scenarios are used as models for...

Yeast mitochondria (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) contain a permeability transition pore which is regulated differently than the in mammalian mitochondria. In mannitol medium containing 10 mm Pi and ethanol (oxidizable substrate), yeast accumulate large amounts of Ca2+ (>400 nmol/mg protein) upon addition an electrophoretic ionophore (ETH129). Pore opening does not occur following uptake, even though ruthenium red-inhibited rat liver undergo rapid under analogous conditions. However, arise when...

This study investigates the production of bio-based carbon materials for energy storage and conversion devices based on two different vineyard residues (pruning, pomace) cellulose as a model biomass. Three char categories were produced via pyrolysis at 900 °C 2 h (biochars, BC), hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) (at 220, 240 or 260 °C) with reaction times (60, 120 300 min) (hydrochars, HC), HTC plus (pyrolyzed hydrochars, PHC). Physicochemical, structural, electrical properties chars assessed...

The concentration of free Na+ in the matrix isolated pig heart mitochondria has been monitored using fluorescent probe sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) developed by Minta and Tsien (J. Biol. Chem. 264: 19449-19457, 1989). SBFI was sequestered hydrolysis permeant acetoxymethyl ester. showed altered quantum efficiency excitation spectra presence absence when compared with acid solution. Fluorescence calibrated situ ionophores to equilibrate [Na+] external [Na+]. fluorescence that...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMatrix free magnesium changes with metabolic state in isolated heart mitochondriaDennis W. Jung, Lynn Apel, and Gerald P. BrierleyCite this: Biochemistry 1990, 29, 17, 4121–4128Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00469a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full...

Heart mitochondria depleted of endogenous divalent cations by treatment with A23187 and EDTA swell in (a) K+ acetate or (b) nitrate when an uncoupler is present. These also exchange matrix 42K+ external K+, Na+, Li+ a reaction that does not require respiration insensitive to uncouplers. Untreated control do either medium nor they show the passive cation exchange. Both swelling reactions are inhibited Mg2+ quinine other lipophilic amines. Swelling both strongly activated at alkaline pH,...

The hydrothermal treatment of sugars features a promising technology for the production fine and platform chemicals from renewable resources. In this work decomposition fructose was studied in buffered medium at pH range between 2.2 8.0. It is demonstrated that lower values mainly 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid humin are generated, while lactic acetic produced higher values. shows use moderate acidic conditions may have advantages HMF over strongly conditions, as especially...

The functionalization of sustainable carbon materials and their application in energy storage systems attract more relevancy. Bakery waste spent coffee grounds were chosen as abundant organic residues found to be suitable starting for hydrothermal carbonization a subsequent chemical activation obtaining contents > 88%. In situ doping the hydrochars during has proven successful method insertion Fe2O3-, Fe3O4- MnO2-Nanoparticles into matrix, supported by XRD analysis SEM images. Chemical with...

Net Ca2+ flux across the inner membrane of respiring heart mitochondria was evaluated under conditions in which virtually all movement can be attributed to Na+/Ca2+ antiport. If this antiport promotes a passive electroneutral exchange for 2Na+, gradient should equal square Na+ at equilibrium. Because mitochondrial Na+/H+ equilibrates and H+ gradients, also gradient. In series > 20 determinations different matrix [Ca2+], delta pH, varying potential, it found that is transported out...

Abstract The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technique and subsequent pyrolysis were applied. Herein, two different types of biobased feedstocks, sucrose (Suc) Miscanthus (Mis), chosen. Urea served as N precursor for the in situ doping. HTC Suc Mis with urea leads to N‐doped hydrochars (N‐HCs). decompose different, complex degradation pathways, which emergence N‐HCs consisting distinct ratios N‐containing primary chars (N‐PCs) secondary (N‐SCs). After pyrolysis, maximum contents 5.6 wt %...

Isolated beef heart mitochondria were treated with A23187 in the presence of different concentrations M 8 + or EDTA to establish varying levels total mitochondrial 3 .The M$+ content was related rate passive swelling potassium acetate and other salts which is presumed depend on K+ entry via an endogenous K+/H+ antiport.Swelling these does not commence until Mg2+ has been depleted from an'initial value 36 nmol-mg-l protein nmoVmg-l, less.Below this level, increases linearly decreasing a...