Significance Endocrine control of chloride shunt conductance in Malpighian tubules many insects is mediated by kinin diuretic peptides, but the route for transport unknown. We use Drosophila transgenics, combined with physiology, imaging, electrophysiology, and transgenic reporter technology, to show that a channel (CLC) encoded ClC-a/CG31116 uniquely localized stellate cells essential neuropeptide-stimulated, not resting, levels secretion. Therefore, we have resolved this issue ; stimulates...

E. Blumenthal and J. B. M. Herbert, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1945, 41, 611 DOI: 10.1039/TF9454100611

The Malpighian (renal) tubule of Drosophila melanogaster is a useful model for studying epithelial transport. purpose this study was to identify factors responsible modulating transepithelial chloride conductance in isolated tubules. I have found that tyrosine and several its metabolites cause an increase conductance. most potent these agonists tyramine, which active at low nanomolar concentrations; the pharmacology response matches previously published cloned insect tyramine receptor. In...

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SUMMARY The biogenic amine tyramine (TA) is a potent diuretic factor when applied to the Malpighian tubule (MT) of Drosophila melanogaster, stimulating both urine production and transepithelial chloride conductance. Isolated MTs can respond not only TA but also its precursor, tyrosine; this observation led proposal that are able synthesize from tyrosine through action enzyme decarboxylase (TDC). In current study it shown non-neuronal isoform TDC, Tdc1, expressed in principal cells MT. A...

Summary To avoid freezing while overwintering beneath the bark of fallen trees, Dendroides canadensis (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae) larvae produce a family antifreeze proteins (DAFPs) that are transcribed in specific tissues and have compartmental fates. DAFPs associated thermal hysteresis activity (THA) been shown previously hemolymph midgut fluid, but presence has not explored primary urine, potentially important site can contain endogenous ice nucleating compounds could induce freezing. A...

Abstract The biogenic amine tyramine (TA) regulates many aspects of invertebrate physiology and development. Although three TA receptor subtypes have been identified (TAR1-3), specific receptors not linked to physiological responses in native tissue. In the Malpighian (renal) tubule Drosophila melanogaster , activates a transepithelial chloride conductance, resulting diuresis depolarization potential. current work, mutation or RNAi-mediated knockdown stellate cells TAR2 ( tyrR CG7431 )...

The Malpighian tubule of Drosophila melanogaster is a useful model system for studying the regulation epithelial ion transport. In acutely isolated tubules, transepithelial potential (TEP) undergoes large oscillations in amplitude with period approximately 30s. TEP are diminished by reductions peritubular chloride concentration manner consistent their being caused fluctuations conductance. eliminated pretreating tubules calcium chelator BAPTA-AM, although removal has no effect, suggesting...

The control of water balance in multicellular organisms depends on absorptive and secretory processes across epithelia. This study concerns the effects osmolality function Malpighian tubules (MTs), a major component insect excretory system. Previous work has shown that biogenic amine tyramine increases transepithelial chloride conductance urine secretion Drosophila MTs. demonstrates response MTs to tyramine, as measured by depolarization potential (TEP), is modulated surrounding medium. An...

A simple synthesis of the aza-analog 7 D-galacturonic acid 8 from D-galactose is reported.

We have isolated a portion of the canine gene encoding orphan receptor RDC1 [1]. The complete coding sequence is contained in single exon, and an intron divides 5' untranslated region mRNA. protein 94% homologous to product GPRN1, which has been proposed serve as VIP when expressed CHO-K1 COS-7 cells (Sreedharan, S.P. et al. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 4986-4990). Northern analysis indicates that endogenously express 2.1 kb However, while possess detectable low affinity [125I]VIP...

Mutations in the Drosophila gene drop-dead (drd) result early adult lethality and neurodegeneration, but molecular identity of drd its mechanism action are not known. This paper describes characterization a new X-linked recessive adult-lethal mutation, originally called lot's wife (lwf(1)) subsequently identified as an allele (drd(lwf)); drd(lwf) mutants die within two weeks eclosion. Through mapping complementation, has been CG33968, which encodes putative integral membrane protein unknown...

Mutations in the gene drop-dead (drd) cause diverse phenotypes adult Drosophila melanogaster including early lethality, neurodegeneration, tracheal defects, gut dysfunction, reduced body mass, and female sterility. Despite identification of drd itself, causes lethality neurodegeneration mutant flies remain unknown. To determine pattern expression associated with neurodegenerative phenotype, knockdown various Gal4 drivers was performed. Early were observed upon system two independent...

The rate of urine secretion by insect Malpighian tubules (MTs) is regulated multiple diuretic and antidiuretic hormones, often working either synergistically or antagonistically. In the Drosophila melanogaster MT, only factors have been reported. Two such agents are biogenic amine tyramine (TA) peptide drosokinin (DK), both which act on stellate cells tubule to increase transepithelial chloride conductance. current study, TA DK signaling was quantified microelectrode recording potential in...

Since the intentional introduction, release, and establishment of lymantriid predator, Calosoma sycophanta (L.), in 1906–07 vicinity Boston, MA, its range has continued to expand. Compilation collection localities, all releases North America, museum records permitted documentation spread over time a crude straight line estimate rate dispersion, calculated at 6 km/year. Trapping other recent years an approximation current distribution, which now extends from southern Maine New England states...

Reduced rates of Dipel 4L, Dylox 1.5 Oil, and Dimilin W-25 were applied to an outbreak infestation Lymantria dispar (L.) in 1980. Treatment effects investigated on larvae, pupae, adult males, egg masses as well parasitism defoliation 1980 partially 1981. for not reported because improper aerial application. provided excellent foliage protection reduced populations stages I III by 87 38%, respectively. Enhancement Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was most apparent...

Normal gut function is vital for animal survival, and deviations from such can contribute to malnutrition, inflammation, increased susceptibility pathogens, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, mutation of gene drop-dead (drd) results in defective function, as measured by enlargement crop reduced food movement through gut, drd also causes unrelated phenotypes neurodegeneration, early adult lethality female sterility. current work, mutant...

Approximately 9,600 Lathrolestes nigricollis (Thomson), 2,600 Grypocentrus albipes Ruthe (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), 50 Phanomeris sp. probably catenator Haliday Braconidae), and 550 Chrysocharis nitetis (Walker) Eulophidae) were released in the Middle Atlantic states from 1976 to 1982 efforts establish populations for biological control of birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier). Releases these parasites, all European origin, made (Betula spp.) stands at 16 localities Delaware,...

The Malpighian tubule of Drosophila is the most well-characterized system available for studying cellular actions biogenic amine tyramine (TA) in insects. In isolated tubules, application TA causes a rapid increase transepithelial chloride conductance that easily measured electrophysiologically (Blumenthal, AJP Cell, 2003). One major outstanding question regarding this identity receptor TA. Although (tyrR) has been cloned from and many other insect species, expression gene tubules...