Based on the measurements from 52 Chinese subjects (26 males and 26 females), a high-spatial-resolution head-related transfer function (HRTF) database with corresponding anthropometric parameters is established. By using database, cues relating to sound source localization, including interaural time difference (ITD), level (ILD), spectral features introduced by pinna, are analyzed. Moreover, statistical relationship between ITD estimated. It proved that mean values of maximum for male female...

A simple spherical head and pulsating sound source model are proposed to investigate the effect of multiple scattering between on near-field head-related transfer function (HRTF) measurement. Multipole expansion method is used calculate HRTFs model, then relationships among magnitude error HRTF with frequency, direction, size, distance centre analysed. The results show that ensure within 1.0dB up 20kHz, for not less than 0.15m or 0.20m, radius should exceed 0.03 m 0.05 m, respectively....

The omnidirectional character is one of important requirements for the sound source used in near-field head-related transfer function (HRTF) measurements. Based on analysis radiation pressure and directivity various spherical polyhedron sources, a dodecahedral with radius 0.035m proposed manufactured. Theoretical measured results indicate that approximately below frequency 8 kHz. In addition, has reasonable magnitude response from 350Hz to 20kHz linear phase characteristics. Therefore, it...

In this paper, we explore calibrations for DT770 Pro, Sennheiser's HD250 headphone and Etymotic Research ER-2 insert earphone with KEMAR. The results have proved that at least these three earphones, the change of earphone's location will cause sound pressure level in subject's tympanic membrane to change. However, only relative lowfrequency high frequency regions, changes are relatively obvious. other small. addition, through comparison find has best performance experiment.

Abstract A multi-parameter real-time collection and analysis system, including intelligent secondary equipment, data gateway, health management backend, has been constructed to solve the problem of current incomplete monitoring inability providential warning hidden faults equipment in substations. The key feature parameters device’s functional modules were extracted, a gateway was developed achieve IoT access data. fault identification model for module considering temperature is provided,...

Sound projection is a technique that utilizes directional sound sources to project wave onto reflective surfaces, aiming create auditory events in the direction of projected sound, which can be achieved via loudspeaker arrays beamforming. Being limited by focusing capability array, direct reaches listener earlier than influence localization perception due precedence effect. Therefore, for projection, it crucial reduce intensity relative sound. In this study, beamforming method weakening...

Ambisonics is a series of flexible spatial sound systems based on harmonics decomposition field. It able to reconstruct field accurately within some region and below frequency limit which are imposed by Shannon-Nyquist sampling theorem determined the order Ambisonics. Above sampling, errors occur in reconstructed field, resulting audible artifacts. By using Moore's revised loudness model, present work analyzes influence number loudspeakers timbre horizontal reproduction. The binaural level...

Ambisonics is a series of spatial sound reproduction system with flexible number loudspeakers. Based on harmonics decomposition and truncation at various orders, it aims approximate reconstruction target field within certain region below frequency limit. The limit are determined by sampling theorem field. present work evaluates the influence loudspeakers errors in binaural pressure spectra for reproduction. Binaural pressures calculated normalized square amplitude error used as index....

PCA (principal components analysis) is a common way to analyze and reduce HRTFs (head-related transfer functions) data. Both of in the frequency domain HRIRs impulse responses) time are frequently used. This paper proves that mathematically equivalent. Therefore, it implies possibility very rare obtain any new results from which can not be obtained domain, vice versa.

Dynamic information can greatly improve the realism of a virtual auditory display. System latency and update rate are two key dynamic parameters environment real time rendering system. A simple measurement method is presented in this paper. Update implemented by measuring interval between consecutive sound scenes using visual C++ high accuracy timer function. An apparatus equipped with an optical switch organic glass batten designed to measure system latency. The output signals both record...

In order to objectively evaluate the timbre difference caused by using individualized and non-individualized binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) in auralization, perceptual differences between human subject's BRIRs an artificial head's BRIRs, along with across six subjects' were investigated Moore's loudness model. All measured a multi-media classroom. spectra analysis, mono white noise signal was used as input stimulus total level 86 phons. Results show that maximum different...

Ambisonics is a series of spatial sound systems with flexible loudspeaker configuration, which aims at reconstructing physical field in local region. Robustness reproduction, reflects the sensitivity reproduced to small errors, such as gain mismatch, an important performance reproduction. Condition number generally used index evaluate robustness on whole, but this insufficient because may be related target reproduction direction. To insights into detail feature method based singular-value...

Echo threshold(ET), as the upper threshold of precedence effect, refers to critical delay value when listener transitions from perceiving a single fused sound image two clear and separated images in presence relatively delayed sounds. This study investigates ET measurement using kinds headphone-based virtual source presentation methods, i.e., interaural time difference (ITD) lateralization auditory synthesis (VAS). The “lead-lag” paradigm was adopted experiment an adaptive up-down procedure...

Head related transfer function (HRTF) is a continuous of spatial direction. In practice, only HRTFs at discrete directions can be measured. order to obtain unmeasured directions, reconstruction (or interpolation) procedure needed. this paper, method for HRTF based on optimal-degree spherical harmonics expansion developed. Expansion coefficients were derived by using the pseudo-inverse method. To address ill-posed problem in inverse calculation, degree each frequency bin was optimized...