Abstract Although the flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through freshwaters is nearly equivalent to net uptake all terrestrial ecosystems, uncertainty remains about how source processes (carbon production and location) transport (hydrologic connectivity routing) interact determine DOC across flow conditions ecoregions. This limits our ability predict fluvial responses changes in climate land use. We used concentration discharge patterns with ensemble modeling techniques quantify...

Leaves lose approximately 400 H2O molecules for every 1 CO2 gained during photosynthesis. Most long-distance water transport in plants, or xylem sap flow, serves to replace this prevent desiccation. Theory predicts that the largest vessels contribute disproportionately overall flow because pipe-like systems scales with fourth power of radius. Here, we confront these theoretical predictions a vessel network reconstructed from X-ray μCT imagery vivo MRI observations same sample first-year...

Fractal dimension (FD), estimated by box-counting, is a metric used to characterize plant anatomical complexity or space-filling characteristic for variety of purposes. The vast majority published studies fail evaluate the assumption statistical self-similarity, which underpins validity procedure. box-counting procedure also subject error arising from arbitrary grid placement, known as quantization (QE), strictly positive and varies function scale, making it problematic procedure's slope...

Xylem networks are vulnerable to the formation and spread of gas embolisms that reduce water transport. Embolisms through interconduit pits, but three-dimensional (3D) complexity scale xylem means functional implications intervessel connections not well understood. Here, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) were reconstructed from 3D high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT) images. network performance was then modeled simulate loss hydraulic conductivity under increasingly negative...

Abstract. Root water uptake is an important process in the terrestrial cycle. How this depends on soil content, root distributions, and properties a soil–root hydraulic problem. We compare different approaches to implement hydraulics macroscopic flow land surface models. By upscaling three-dimensional architecture model, we derived exact model. The model uses following three characteristics: system conductance, Krs, standard fraction, SUF, which represents from profile with uniform head,...

The earliest vascular plants had stems with a central cylindrical strand of water-conducting xylem, which rapidly diversified into more complex shapes. This diversification is understood to coincide increases in plant body size and branching; however, no selection pressure favoring xylem strand-shape complexity known. We show that incremental changes network organization diverge from the ancestral form lead progressively greater drought resistance by reducing risk hydraulic failure. As...

Increasing drought extremes represent a major stress on ecosystem function through direct impacts critical plant physiological processes such as transpiration and growth. While the immediate effects of are well-documented, vegetation recovery associated time lags in remain poorly understood due to scarcity requisite data series.This study relates evaporative demand, soil moisture, tree growth during period following multiyear cluster, centred extreme 2018.  High-resolution...

Vegetation interacts with both soil moisture and atmospheric conditions, contributing to water flow partitioning at the land surface. Therefore, climate cover changes impact resource availability. This study aimed determine differential effects of change on regime two common Central European forest types: Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) beech (Fagus sylvatica stands.A unique dataset, including 22 years (2000–2021) measured potentials, was used a bucket-type balance model investigate...

A germplasm collection containing varied Juglans genotypes holds potential to improve drought resistance of plant materials for commercial production. We used X-ray computed microtomography evaluate stem xylem embolism susceptibility/repair in relation vessel anatomical features (size, arrangement, connectivity and pit characteristics) 2-year-old saplings three species. In vivo analysis revealed interspecific variations susceptibility among microcarpa, J. hindsii (both native arid habitats)...

Abstract Background and aims Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is the xylem-dwelling bacterium associated with Pierce’s disease (PD), which causes mortality in agriculturally important species, such as grapevine (Vitis vinifera). The development of PD symptoms grapevines depends on ability Xf to produce cell-wall-degrading enzymes break up intervessel pit membranes systematically spread through xylem vessel network. Our objective here was investigate whether resistance could be mechanistically linked...

Abstract Land surface model (LSM) predictions of soil moisture and transpiration under water‐limited conditions suffer from biases due to a lack mechanistic process description vegetation water uptake. Here, I derive “big root” approach the porous pipe equation for root uptake compare its moistures during 2010 summer drought at Wind River Crane site two previously used Ohm's law analog plant hydraulic models. Due fuller representation pressure gradients flows within complex system...

Mechanistic representation of soil-root hydrodynamics is necessary to make robust predictions canopy fluxes (transpiration, photosynthesis) under water limitation. Soil limitation can arise at a range characteristic scales down millimetres but its effects be felt across entire landscapes. This mismatch between the cause and effect makes representing central challenge in Earth System Models (ESM) key source uncertainty terrestrial carbon cycle. We aim unify description flows bridge this gap...

Abstract. Vegetation interacts with both soil moisture and atmospheric conditions, contributing to water flow partitioning at the land surface. Therefore, climate cover changes impact resource availability. This study aimed determine differential effects of change on regime two common Central European forest types: Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) beech (Fagus sylvatica stands. A unique dataset, including 22 years (2000–2021) measured potentials, was used a bucket-type balance model...

<p>Hierarchical interactions across scales can drive macroevolutionary change and between biological physical domains of the Earth system. A recently discovered example is how evolution complexity in vascular organisation plants allowed them to constrain spread drought-induced embolism, which played a key role their ability colonise dry land increase stature from mere centimetres tens metres. This not only reveals previously unknown process that contributed macroevolution...

Abstract Land surface model (LSM) predictions of soil moisture and transpiration under water-limited conditions suffer from biases due to a lack mechanistic process description vegetation water uptake. Here, I derive ‘big root’ approach the porous pipe equation for root uptake compare its moistures during 2010 summer drought at Wind River Crane site two previously used Ohm’s law analogue plant hydraulic models. Structural error inadequate representation system architecture (RSA) in both...