Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a promising direct-write technology that allows large stand-off distances between print head and target surface. Published works exploring AJP with conductive inks are rarely conducted at radio frequencies (RF) so the utility of in antenna world has been limited. In this work, silver nanoink was deposited using NanoJet™ process, optimal parameters were determined by DC sheet resistance RF conductivity measurements. A simple broadband planar inverted cone (PICA)...

This study investigates the impact of mechanical loading on electromagnetic performance conformal load-bearing antenna structures (CLASs), focusing resonant frequency response. Using 6-ply [0/90] GFRP as CLAS substrate, research evaluated effects two scenarios: quasi-static uniaxial tensile test and cyclic fatigue. The tests explore response CLASs to significant elongation, while fatigue simulate localised damage propagation under operational loads. results from demonstrated that dominant...

ABSTRACT This study presents the development of a novel leaky wave antenna (LWA) that utilizes broad impedance modulation range. was achieved through introduction Rogers Corporation's Radix UV‐curable resin, which offers controlled dielectric constant and low electromagnetic loss. Optimized for Digital Light Processing with Fortify three‐dimensional printer, this resin enabled fabrication metasurface modulated surface via two parameters: conductive patch dimension substrate thickness. LWA...

This letter utilizes the holographic principal to design two metasurface antennas with an equivalent electromagnetic performance. The first antenna is designed a continuous impedance variation and serves as baseline (comparable similar in literature). second using discrete values realized distinct unit cell geometries. Both are shown exhibit However, latter (requiring only values) simplifies pattern manufacture, therefore suggests new avenue realize "switchable" capable of beam steering....

A conformal metasurface antenna exhibiting a pencil beam radiation pattern at 10.0 GHz has been designed using the Voronoi partition approach and fabricated on Kahu uninhabited aerial system (UAS) fuselage. Two manufacturing methods are presented compared. The first utilized three-axis Trotec fiber laser to etch flattened geometry in copper foil. etched was then "stretched" over UAS geometry. second 6-axis nScrypt (retrofitted with an IDS aerosol jetting tool) conformally print directly An...

The rapid development of the embroidery conductive threads into textiles and associated biomedical sensors on-body antennas has given rise to many healthcare emergency response applications. In this paper, we investigate directly a grade composites called "preimpregnated" (pre-preg) materials. These pre-preg materials differ from traditional in that they contain B-staged epoxy resin must be baked an autoclave at temperatures greater than 170 °C, under pressures upward 700 kPa achieve their...

This letter presents an improved image-based coherent Doppler tomography (CDT) technique for near-field radar cross-section measurement. The present formulation, developed using the back-projection algorithm, explicitly incorporates network analyzer calibration in to far-field transformation. Experimental measurements and computer simulations are presented validate CDT technique.

An electrically small, metamaterial-inspired Egyptian axe dipole (EAD) antenna has been investigated for use in structural composite materials. The EAD consists of a differentially fed element integrated with near-field resonant parasitic element. These elements have adapted to these materials resulting system that is impedance matched and radiates efficiently at 307 MHz. Three cases identified ascertain the performance manufacturing techniques material properties used build small antennas,...

Carbon fibers are finite conductors with a weak diamagnetic response in static magnetic field. When illuminated high-frequency alternating electromagnetic wave such that the skin depth is greater than fiber diameter, carbon-fiber composites shown to exhibit strong dynamic response. The susceptibility (χm) controlled by polarization angle (θ), which between incident electric field and conductor direction. A closed form solution for this behaviour was derived using Maxwell's equations an...

Slotted waveguide antenna stiffened structure (SWASS) utilizes hat-stiffeners on thin skins or blade stiffeners in sandwich structures as microwave waveguides. By machining slots through the outer skin and into waveguide, large slotted arrays may be integrated a load-bearing structure. However, slot length is typically resonant with half-wavelength spacing, thereby degrading capacity of This letter demonstrates simple method to achieve comparable gain from radiator subresonant by means...

Aircraft skins manufactured from carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) can simultaneously support structural load and act as antennas. This offers the potential for disproportionately large antenna elements arrays, thus enhanced aircraft capability. The efficient design of such structures requires that link between CFRP microstructure electromagnetic performance be established. paper presents a method predicting attenuation waveguides CFRP. considers both orthotropic, complex conductivity...

This letter explores the advantages of additively manufactured substrates with spatially varying electromagnetic properties. These engineered will be constructed using space filling curves (SFC) various orders. New advanced manufacturing systems such as nScrypt 3Dn-300, have enabled rapid fabrication these SFC substrates. apply substrate to design and metasurface antennas. By utilising a vary local permittivity, along printed conductive patch dimensions, range achievable surface impedances...

Glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) is a suitable substrate material for constructing Conformal Load-Bearing Antenna Structure (CLAS). The relative permittivity of the CLAS substrate, which determines its resonant frequency, affected by damage sustained GFRP. This paper investigates effects (induced mechanically loading substrate) on response CLAS. Decoupling antenna from was essential to evaluate CLAS’s true induced damage. details systematic investigation examining how frequency...

Vanadium dioxide (VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) has been identified as a material capable of transitioning from an insulator to metal close room temperature. Previous works have demonstrated potential applications this in various microwave components or devices. However, the complex permittivity and permeability characterization VO over X-band not previously reported. Knowledge these properties is essential for...

This work presents a comparison between two metasurface antennas operating at 10 GHz utilizing either conventional hexagonal grid (with continuous distribution of gap dimensions) or Voronoi partition (utilizing constant dimension). The was generated using the point-shifting method (proposed by Lee and Sievenpiper) is (to authors' knowledge) first demonstration this approach in design radiating antenna. traditional artificial impedance surface (H-AIS) (V-AIS) are shown to exhibit near...

The slotted waveguide antenna stiffened structure (SWASS) is a conformal load bearing concept that aims to replace existing aircraft antennas with structurally integrated equivalent. In SWASS, slots are cut through the skin of hat-stiffened or blade-stiffened panels create antennas. structural integrity these at maximum when slot dimensions minimised. An architecture retains performance while minimising dimension by means single well placed wire element demonstrated.

This article presents a fabrication method for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band, low-power, frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar front–end technology demonstrator that is fully embedded in representative aerospace composite structure. uses structural glass-fiber-reinforced polymer laminate as both the mechanical load-bearing element and...

One of the important functions antennas is to facilitate wireless communication. The IEEE 802.11 part IEEE802 set local area network technical standards, and specifies media access control physical layer protocols for implementing computer protocol with a centre frequency 2.4 GHz has bandwidth 22 MHz. A conformal load-bearing antenna structure (CLAS) facilitating this communication band that tuned must remain within bandwidth. aim paper investigate effects mechanical loading imposed on patch...

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials are anisotropic lossy conductors which restrict their use in high-performance lightweight and load-bearing waveguides. The attenuation of CFRP waveguides has been improved this research by investigating comparing three different manufacturing techniques. WR-90 have manufactured from Cytec IM7/977-3 prepreg transmission performance was evaluated. Three techniques were implemented to reduce waveguide losses including: copper foil lining,...