The murine model of cerebral malaria (ECM) caused by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in susceptible mice has been extensively used for studies pathogenesis and identification potential targets human CM therapeutics. However, the seldom explored to evaluate adjunctive therapies this complication. A first step toward goal is define a treatment protocol with an effective antimalarial drug able rescue presenting late-stage ECM. We evaluated efficacy artemisinin, artemether, artesunate,...

The concept of molecular mimicry describes situations in which antigen sharing between parasites and hosts could benefit pathogen evasion from host immune responses. However, can generate responses to parasite-derived self-like peptides, triggering autoimmunity. Since its conception, the consequent potential cross-reactivity following infections have been repeatedly described humans, raising increasing interest among immunologists. Here, we reviewed this focusing on challenge maintaining...

Cerebrovascular dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. In experimental malaria (ECM) induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA, cerebrovascular characterized vascular constriction, occlusion and damage results impaired perfusion reduced blood flow oxygenation, has been linked to low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Here, we directly assessed function ECM using novel cranial window method for intravital microscopy pial microcirculation probed NOS isoforms...

Background: Sacral nerve stimulators (SNS) can be an effective treatment for urinary incontinence. However, with a failure rate of up to 50%, explantation 16%, and cost ~US$10,000 per implant, identification patients at high risk is necessary improve patient satisfaction reduce the economic burden on healthcare system. The objective this retrospective cohort study was determine predictors SNS within first two years device placement. Methods: MOVER database queried least follow (n = 54)....

Background: Sacral nerve stimulators (SNSs) can be an effective treatment for urinary incontinence. However, with a failure rate of up to 50%, explantation 16%, and cost ~USD 10,000 per implant, identification patients at high risk is necessary improve patient satisfaction reduce the economic burden on healthcare system. The objective this retrospective cohort study was determine predictors SNS within first two years device placement. Methods: MOVER database queried least follow-up (n = 54)....

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare neurological disorder that causes progressive weakness, sensory dysfunction, and often debilitating muscle spasms pain. A man in his early 30s with history of Hodgkin’s lymphoma treated chemotherapy developed neurologic symptoms initially misdiagnosed as chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. diagnosis CIDP was subsequently confirmed by nerve conduction studies. Despite treatment relaxants, benzodiazepines, botulinum toxin...

Background/Objectives: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other movement disorders. Despite its benefits, DBS explantation occurs in 5.6% of cases, with costs exceeding $22,000 USD per implant. Traditional statistical methods have struggled to identify reliable risk factors explantation. We hypothesized that supervised machine learning could better account complex interactions among perioperative factors, enabling the...

Purpose: We investigated if the use of peripheral nerve blockade (PNB) was associated with a lower incidence prescription opioid fill within 30 days post-surgery and persistent postoperative (PPOU) in patients undergoing foot ankle surgery. Methods: identified adults who had undergone or surgery between 2012 2018 did not receive PNB an Optum′s de-identified Integrated Claims-Clinical dataset (n=12,643). Pharmacy data used to track date supply. PPOU defined as >90 continuous use. Entropy...

Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in susceptible inbred mouse strains is the most commonly used experimental model to study pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM). Indeed, many concepts on mechanisms related this complication have arisen from works using model. Although present several advantages and are indicated for studies, use outbred models can show unique usefulness a number approaches such as fine post-quantitative trait loci mapping discovery genes relevant CM susceptibility or...

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine that plays central role in immune and inflammatory responses. In the present paper, we discussed participation of MIF response to protozoan parasite infections. As general trend, participates control burden at expense promoting tissue damage due increased inflammation.

Background Low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays a role in the pathogenesis of human as well experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) caused by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). ECM is partially prevented administration NO-donor dipropylenetriamine NONOate (DPTA-NO) at high concentration (1 mg/mouse), which also induces major side effects such sharp drop blood pressure. We asked whether alternative strategies to improve NO with minor would be effective preventing ECM. Methodology/Principal...

Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in C57Bl/6 mice induces cerebral malaria (CM), which reproduces, to a large extent, the pathological features of human CM. However, experimental CM incidence is variable (50-100%) and period may present range as wide 6-12 days post-infection. The poor predictability when infected will develop can make it difficult determine causal relationship early changes outcome. With purpose contributing solving these problems, algorithms for prediction were built....

Several questions regarding the production and functioning of autoantibodies (AAb) during malaria infection remain open. Here we provide an overview studies conducted in our laboratory that shed some light on whether antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) other AAb associated with autoimmune diseases (AID) can recognize Plasmodia antigens exert anti-parasite activity; phospholipid antibodies, produced response to malaria, inhibit phospholipid-induced inflammatory responses protect against...

Plasmodium falciparum infection causes a wide spectrum of diseases, including cerebral malaria, potentially life-threatening encephalopathy. Vasculopathy is thought to contribute malaria pathogenesis. The vasoactive compound endothelin-1, key participant in many inflammatory processes, likely mediates vascular and cognitive dysfunctions malaria. We previously demonstrated that C57BL6 mice infected with P. berghei ANKA, our fatal experimental model, sustained memory loss. Herein, we...

The development of malaria-induced neurocognitive and behavioral sequelae is not entirely understood. We hypothesize that liver dysfunction caused by Plasmodium infection responsible for sequelae. Our metabolic hypothesis only explains after cerebral malaria (CM) but also other severe, non-severe, asymptomatic infections.

Human cerebral malaria (HCM) is a life-threatening complication caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection that continues to be major global health problem despite optimal anti-malarial treatment. In the experimental model of (ECM) berghei ANKA, bolus administration nimodipine at high doses together with artemether, increases survival mice ECM. However, dose and route used associated cardiovascular side effects such as hypotension bradycardia in humans mice, which could preclude its potential...