Recent advancements in diffusion models have significantly impacted the trajectory of generative machine learning re-search, with many adopting strategy fine-tuning pre-trained using domain-specific text-to-image datasets. Notably, this method has been readily employed for medical applications, such as X-ray image synthesis, leveraging plethora associated radiology reports. Yet, a prevailing concern is lack assurance on whether these genuinely comprehend their generated content. With...

ABSTRACT Literature to date reveals relatively little about the role of expertise in auditor selection beyond basic preferences for Big 4 and industry specialist auditors. We hypothesize that audit committees whose members have no auditing experience are likely struggle when interviewing prospective partners, leading such draw on superficial, heuristic cues lieu conducting more substantive evaluations. To test this prediction, we obtain independent ratings facial attractiveness partners...

ABSTRACT Prior research suggests that even for the same decision task there will be variation in outcomes across makers due to idiosyncrasies their styles. This brings up a fundamental challenge realm of regulations, where consistency application is great importance. study examines whether individual employees SEC contribute inconsistent regulatory outcomes. Using sample comment letters, we show reviewers' idiosyncratic style plays significant role explaining cross‐sectional filing review...

SUMMARY We examine the consequences of misconduct in a Big 4 firm's nonaudit practice for its audit practice. Specifically, we whether KPMG's suffered loss fees and clients and/or decline factual quality following 2005 deferred prosecution agreement (DPA) with Department Justice marketing questionable tax shelters. find little evidence that DPA adversely impacted by way either or likelihood client gains/losses, suggesting no harm to reputation. also had effect on quality, even those dropped...

ABSTRACT Policies and procedures that centralize decision making within an audit firm create auditor style effects. Prior research suggests this increases financial-statement comparability, implicitly financial statements more useful. However, a potential hazard of is the propagation errors. We examine association between common disclosure issues among clients. measure as presence use comments given in Securities Exchange Commission’s (SEC’s) filing-review process to occurrence issues. find...

Curating datasets for object segmentation is a difficult task. With the advent of large-scale pre-trained generative models, conditional image generation has been given significant boost in result quality and ease use. In this paper, we present novel method that enables general foreground-background models from simple textual descriptions, without requiring labels. We leverage explore latent diffusion to automatically generate weak masks concepts objects. The are then used fine-tune model on...

SUMMARY Using a sample of bank-years from 2005 to 2017, we examine the effect internal control quality on future risk-taking and performance. We find that banks disclose material weakness in controls have higher worse performance future, including having (lower) likelihood experiencing large losses (gains). These findings suggest weak increase (reduce) downside (upside) or conversely strong upside (downside) risk-taking. Path analyses 22.3 43.7 percent is through Additionally, weaknesses are...

This technical report outlines our submission to the zero-shot track of Visual Anomaly and Novelty Detection (VAND) 2023 Challenge. Building on performance WINCLIP framework, we aim enhance system's localization capabilities by integrating segmentation models. In addition, perform foreground instance which enables model focus relevant parts image, thus allowing models better identify small or subtle deviations. Our pipeline requires no external data information, for it be directly applied...

We hypothesize that audit committees whose members have no Big-Four auditing experience are likely to struggle when interviewing prospective partners, leading such draw on superficial, heuristic cues in lieu of conducting more substantive evaluations. To test this prediction, we obtain independent ratings the facial attractiveness partners identified from PCAOB Form AP filings. Our primary finding is with Big-Four-experienced favor photographs raters view be highly attractive. characterize...

Auditing standards require auditors to evaluate the reasonableness of reported fair value estimates, but audit regulators frequently cite for deficiencies in these estimates. Specific goodwill, must probability that recorded goodwill is impaired. Based on small sample frames and availability theories, we predict experiencing a impairment at an unrelated client increases auditors’ internal perceived downside risk. As result, expect more impairments subsequent clients with economic indicators...

Policies and procedures that centralize decision-making within an audit firm create auditor style effects. Prior research suggests this increases financial statement comparability, implicitly making statements more useful. However, a potential hazard of is the propagation decision errors. We examine association between common disclosure issues among clients. measure as presence use comments given in SEC’s filing review process to occurrence issues. find associated with Big 4 clientele. also...

Using a sample of bank-years from 2005 to 2017, we examine the effect internal control quality on future risk-taking and performance. We find that banks disclose material weakness in controls have higher worse performance future, including having (lower) likelihood experiencing large losses (gains). These findings suggest weak increase (reduce) downside (upside) or conversely strong upside (downside) risk-taking. Path analyses 22.3 43.7 percent is through Additionally, weaknesses are...

Diagnosing medical conditions from histopathology data requires a thorough analysis across the various resolutions of Whole Slide Images (WSI). However, existing generative methods fail to consistently represent hierarchical structure WSIs due focus on high-fidelity patches. To tackle this, we propose Ultra-Resolution Cascaded Diffusion Models (URCDMs) which are capable synthesising entire images at high whilst authentically capturing details both underlying anatomy and pathology all...

Non-Big 4 accounting firms audit more than half of U.S. publicly traded companies, and approximately non-Big partners have prior work experience at Big firms, but little is known about the effect this type auditor. We examine how style former auditors affects financial statement comparability clients. find evidence imprinting a among with experience. Consistent theory, we that stronger when left around same time and, consistent strength early career style, not for FB4 longer Our results...

Prior research suggests that even for the same decision task there will be variation in outcomes across makers due to idiosyncrasies their styles. This brings up a fundamental challenge realm of regulations where consistency is great importance. study examines whether idiosyncrasy individual employees U.S. financial regulators contributes inconsistent regulatory outcomes. Using sample SEC comment letters, we show reviewers’ idiosyncratic style plays significant role explaining...

Unsaturated amorphous copolyesters of varied composition were prepared by transesterification copolymerization diethyl fumarate, and two diols, 1,2‐propanediol 2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol. The characterized IR, 1H‐ 13C‐NMR, GPC, DSC, TGA. glass transition is changing with from 0°C to 19°C as the content residue in copolyester increases. structure have an impact on compressive strength hydrolytic stability composites crosslinking fumarate double bonds N‐vinyl pyrrolidone presence inorganic...

We examine whether the idiosyncrasy of individual employees U.S. financial regulators contributes to inconsistent regulatory outcomes. Using a sample SEC comment letters, we show that reviewers’ idiosyncratic style plays an economically and statistically significant role in explaining cross-sectional variation filing review outcomes, even after holding firm disclosure attributes constant. also reviewer is persistent across firms time. Finally, find reviewers with stricter are associated...

Curating datasets for object segmentation is a difficult task. With the advent of large-scale pre-trained generative models, conditional image generation has been given significant boost in result quality and ease use. In this paper, we present novel method that enables general foreground-background models from simple textual descriptions, without requiring labels. We leverage explore latent diffusion to automatically generate weak masks concepts objects. The are then used fine-tune model on...

Universal anomaly detection still remains a challenging problem in machine learning and medical image analysis. It is possible to learn an expected distribution from single class of normative samples, e.g., through epistemic uncertainty estimates, auto-encoding models, or synthetic anomalies self-supervised way. The performance approaches inferior compared methods that use examples known unknown classes shape the decision boundary. However, outlier exposure often do not identify unknowns....

Recent advancements in diffusion models have significantly impacted the trajectory of generative machine learning research, with many adopting strategy fine-tuning pre-trained using domain-specific text-to-image datasets. Notably, this method has been readily employed for medical applications, such as X-ray image synthesis, leveraging plethora associated radiology reports. Yet, a prevailing concern is lack assurance on whether these genuinely comprehend their generated content. With...

Although in industrialised countries recent reductions road casualties look encouraging, this reduction is partly due to decreased exposure the environment as fewer people walk and cycle. This walking cycling has been facilitated by our traditional casualty approach safety, which neglected needs of vulnerable users. With need promote sustainable active travel, tackle obesity climate change, a new needed. The presentation reports on an innovative partnership Bristol, UK, between University...