Section One: Population biology and genetics of rare species Two: Distribution sampling genetic variation Three: Management assessment off-site collections Four: Conservation strategies for diversity.

We present a framework for fitting multiple random walks to animal movement paths consisting of ordered sets step lengths and turning angles. Each turn is assigned one number walks, each characteristic different behavioral state. Behavioral state assignments may be inferred purely from data or include the habitat type in which animals are located. Switching between states modeled explicitly using transition matrix estimated directly data, switching probabilities take into account proximity...

Molecular markers derived from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA are an important part the toolkit evolutionary geneticists. Random amplified polymorphic (RAPDs), fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) allow analysis species for which previous information is lacking, but dominance makes it impossible to apply standard techniques calculate F-statistics. We describe a Bayesian method that allows direct estimates FST dominant...

Differences in the frequency with which offspring are produced asexually, through self-fertilization and sexual outcrossing, a predominant influence on genetic structure of plant populations. Selfers asexuals have fewer genotypes within populations than outcrossers similar allele frequencies, more diversity selfers is result differences among outcrossers. As reduced levels diversity, may be less able to respond adaptively changing environments, because not mixed across family lineages, their...

Bayesian phylogenetic analyses are now very popular in systematics and molecular evolution because they allow the use of much more realistic models than currently possible with maximum likelihood methods. There are, however, a growing number examples which large posterior clade probabilities associated short branch lengths low values for non-Bayesian measures support such as nonparametric bootstrapping. For four-taxon case when true tree is star phylogeny, become increasingly unpredictable...

In self-compatible plants the selfing rate is directly related to relative amounts of self and outcross pollen deposited on receptive stigmas. As a result, fraction ovules self-fertilized by particular plant function not only it produces that its own stigma but amount exported other in population probability successfully reaches Thus, reproductive success different genotypes both frequency- density-dependent. dense populations which successful export relatively high, complete outcrossing...

Models of mating-system evolution commonly assume that inbreeding depression is independent the genotype at loci determining mating system. Because association develops between genotypes different in inbred populations, an individual heterozygous a mating-type locus more likely to be fitness than randomly chosen individual. A modifier model for self-fertilization plants demonstrates not adequate descriptor relative and outbred progeny. If primarily result segregation overdominant loci,...

Background and Aims Trait–environment relationships are commonly interpreted as evidence for local adaptation in plants. However, even when selection analyses support this interpretation, the mechanisms underlying differential benefits often unknown. This study addresses gap knowledge using broadly distributed South African shrub Protea repens. Specifically, examines whether broad-scale patterns of trait variation consistent with spatial differences ecophysiology wild. Methods In a common...

We analyze sequences from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome b (cyt b) and 12S rRNA (12S), for a group of sigmodontine rodents among which phylogenetic relationships are well understood based on concordance morphological, chromosomal, allozyme, other DNA data sets. Because these genes physically linked the nonrecombining genome, they necessarily share same history. Phylogenetic analysis cyt gene recovers well-corroborated relationships, generally with strong support. None methods that we...

The evolutionary relationship between self-incompatibility systems in different families of flowering plants has long been a topic interest. Physiological differences the mode gene action and enormous sequence genes with modes suggest that many instances have arisen independently. In contrast, previous analyses S-RNase associated gametophytic eudicot (Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Rosaceae) suggested sequences within form well-supported distinct lineages. this study we demonstrate fact,...

Abstract We describe four extensions to existing Bayesian methods for the analysis of genetic structure in populations: (i) use beta distributions approximate posterior distribution f and θ B ; (ii) an entropy statistic amount information about a parameter derived from data; (iii) Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) as model choice criterion determining whether there is evidence inbreeding within populations or differentiation among populations; (iv) samples different data sets determine...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Estimating phylogenetic relationships in relatively recent evolutionary radiations is challenging, especially if short branches associated with divergence result multiple gene tree histories. We combine anchored enrichment next‐generation sequencing species analyses to produce a robust estimate of the genus Protea (Proteaceae), an iconic radiation South Africa. METHODS: sampled individuals within 59 out 112 and 6 outgroup for total 163 individuals, obtained sequences...

Secondary forests are more extensive than old-growth in many tropical regions, yet the genetic composition of colonizing populations is poorly understood. We analyzed parentage a founder population 130 individuals canopy palm Iriartea deltoidea 24-year-old second-growth forest lowland Costa Rica. Among 66 trees adjacent forest, only two contributed 56% genes founders. Second-growth had lower diversity and larger patches similar genotypes trees. Recovery may take generations will require...

Chloroplast DNA variation was examined among 57 genera of Asteraceae representing 15 currently recognized tribes. Complete cleavage maps were constructed for 11 six-base pair restriction enzymes, and a total 927 site differences detected, 328 which are phylogenetically informative. The data used to construct phylogenetic trees using both Wagner Dollo parsimony the resulting monophyletic groups evaluated statistically bootstrap method. level homoplasy in is 54-56% (excluding autapomorphies),...

Intermediate rates of self-fertilization can be evolutionarily stable when the progeny events are less successful migrants than those outcrossing events, unless reduces an individual's contribution to pollen pool by amount equal rate at which it self-fertilizes. This result holds regardless whether or diaspores more widely dispersed. The differential migration selfed and outcrossed may a establishment with comparable dispersal, dispersal rates. In first case, detailed predictions concerning...

The processes maintaining flower color polymorphisms have long been of evolutionary interest. Mechanistic explanations include selection through pollinators, antagonists, local environments, drift, and pleiotropic effects. We examined the maintenance inflorescence in genus Protea (Proteaceae) South Africa, which ∼40% species contain different morphs. •We studied 10 populations four bird-pollinated compared adult performance, floral leaf morphology, vegetative pigmentation, germination,...

Abstract Existing methods for analyzing nucleotide diversity require investigators to identify relevant hierarchical levels before beginning the analysis. We describe a method that partitions into components while allowing any structure present in data emerge naturally. an unbiased version of Nei's statistics and show our modification has same properties as Wright's F ST. compare its statistical with several other ST estimators, we how use these produce rooted tree relationships among...