Recently, there has been a major thrust to understand biological processes at the nanoscale. Optical microscopy exceedingly useful in imaging cell microarchitecture. Characterization of organization nanoscale, however, stymied by lack practical means analysis these small scales. To address this need, we developed microscopic spectroscopy technique, single-cell partial-wave (PWS), which provides insights into statistical properties nanoscale architecture cells beyond what conventional...

Abstract Understanding alteration of cell morphology in disease has been hampered by the diffraction-limited resolution optical microscopy (>200 nm). We recently developed an technique, partial wave spectroscopy (PWS), which is capable quantifying statistical properties structure at nanoscale. Here we use PWS to show for first time increase disorder strength nanoscale architecture not only tumor cells but also microscopically normal-appearing outside tumor. Although genetic and...

We derive and analyze the statistics of reflection coefficient light backscattered coherently from an amplifying disordered optical medium modeled by a spatially random refractive index having uniform imaginary part in one dimension. find enhancement reflected intensity owing to synergy between wave confinement Anderson localization coherent amplification active medium. This is not same as that due enhanced path lengths expected photon diffusion Our study relevant physical realizability...

Existing optical imaging techniques offer us powerful tools to directly visualize the cellular structure at microscale; however, their capability of nanoscale sensitivity is restricted by diffraction-limited resolution. We show that mesoscopic light transport theory analysis spectra partial waves propagating within a weakly disordered medium, such as biological cells [i.e., wave spectroscopy (PWS)] quantifies refractive index fluctuations subdiffractional length scales. validate this PWS...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered one of the most frequent neurological diseases in world. There a need to study early and efficient biomarkers Parkinson's, such as changes structural disorders like DNA/chromatin, especially at subcellular level human brain. We used two techniques, Partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) Inverse Participation Ratio (IPR), detect disorder brain tissue samples. It was observed from PWS experiment that there an increase tissues/cells when compared normal using...

The light scattering experiment establishes a relationship between refractive index fluctuations and fractal dimension in weakly tissue-like media. Based on the box-counting approach, an analytical model is developed shows that has functional dependency structural disorder or fluctuation for short-range correlation approximately depends linearly each other Several parametric imaging systems can be connected using this approach. Furthermore, tissue's weak multifractality optical explored...

The light scattering experiment establishes a relationship between refractive index fluctuations and fractal dimension in weakly tissue-like media. Based on the box-counting approach, an analytical model is developed shows that has functional dependency structural disorder or fluctuation for short-range correlation approximately depends linearly each other Several parametric imaging systems can be connected using this approach. Furthermore, tissue's weak multifractality optical explored...

We developed mesoscopic-physics-based, further-engineered, finer-focused partial wave spectroscopy (ff-PWS), which can probe the precise scattering volume in cells/tissues to detect nanoscale structural alterations more effectively, even when tissue samples are embedded within different materials. Cancer progression is associated with genetic and epigenetic events, result nano microscale cells/tissues. However, these early stage of disease remain undetectable by conventional microscopy due...

We developed mesoscopic-physics-based, further-engineered, finer-focused partial wave spectroscopy (ff-PWS), which can probe the precise scattering volume in cells/tissues to detect nanoscale structural alterations more effectively, even when tissue samples are embedded within different materials. Cancer progression is associated with genetic and epigenetic events, result nano microscale cells/tissues. However, these early stage of disease remain undetectable by conventional microscopy due...

Field carcinogenesis detection represents a promising means for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, although current techniques (e.g., flexible sigmoidoscopy) lack the requisite sensitivity. The novel optical technology low-coherence enhanced backscattering (LEBS) spectroscopy, allows identification of microscale architectural consequences field in preclinical CRC models with unprecedented accuracy. To investigate potential clinical translatability this approach, we obtained biopsies from...

We have recently developed a novel optical technology, partial wave spectroscopic (PWS) microscopy, which is exquisitely sensitive to the nanoarchitectural manifestation of genetic/epigenetic alterations field carcinogenesis. Our approach was screen for lung cancer by assessing cheek cells based on emerging data suggests that buccal epithelium altered in performed PWS analysis from microscopically normal epithelial brushings smokers with and without (n = 135). The parameter, disorder...

Fractal dimension, a measure of self-similarity in structure, is powerful physical parameter for the characterization structural property many partially filled disordered materials. Biological tissues are fractal nature and reports show change associated with progress cancer, resulting changes their dimensions. Here, we report that dimension measurement potential technique detection different stages cancer using transmission optical microscopy. Transmission microscopy thin tissue sample...

Microscopic structural changes have long been observed in cancer cells and used as a marker diagnosis. Recent development of an optical technique, partial-wave spectroscopy (PWS), enabled more sensitive detection nanoscale early carcinogenesis terms the disorder strength related to density variations. These alterations precede well-known microscopic morphological changes. We investigate influence nuclear variations due chromosome condensation on by computer simulations model chromosomes....

We have developed a novel technique to quantify submicron scale mass density fluctuations in weakly disordered heterogeneous optical media using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Our method is based on the numerical evaluation of light localization properties an 'optical lattice' constructed from pixel intensity distributions images obtained with Here we demonstrate that reveals differences fluorescently labeled molecules between normal and cancer cells, it has potential degree malignancy...

Understanding nanoscale structural changes can provide information about the physical state of cells/tissues. It has now been shown that increases in alterations are associated with progress carcinogenesis most cancer cases, including early carcinogenesis. Anti-cancerous therapies designed to inhibit growth cells; however, it is challenging detect efficacy such drugs stages treatment. A unique method assessing impact anti-cancerous on cancerous cells/tissues probe alterations. In this paper,...

We report the effectiveness of silver nanocluster (Ag-NC) against biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Two DNA aptamers specific for PA and part their sequences were chosen as templates growing Ag-NC. While circular dichroism (CD) studies determined presence secondary structures, UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence spectroscopic confirmed formation fluorescent Ag-NC on templates. Furthermore, mesoscopic physics-based partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) was used to analyze backscattered light signal...

At epidemic proportions worldwide, one in four persons now has cancer, and this statistic will change to two near future. An important step the fight against cancer is its early accurate detection. This calls for affordable, quick easy diagnostic methods. Standard pathological detection of involves microscopic examination morphological changes using stained biopsy samples, but method prone human error misdiagnosis. A tissue a spatially heterogeneous medium with fractal properties owing...

We experimentally study the propagation of circularly polarized light in subdiffusion regime by exploiting enhanced backscattering [(EBS), also known as coherent backscattering] under low spatial coherence illumination. demonstrate for first time, to best our knowledge, that a circular polarization memory effect exists EBS over large range scatterers' sizes this regime. show low-coherence signals from helicity preserving and orthogonal channels cross mean free path length media varies, point...

The need to maximize the number of operations a quantum bit within its decoherence time may require ratio Rabi frequency transition be large enough invalidate rotating-wave approximation. state under any initial condition then depends explicitly on phase driving field, resulting in driver-phase-correlated fluctuations and violation rule that degree excitation only pulse area. This is due interference excitations caused by corotating counterrotating fields, significant source error,...

The origin of low-coherence enhanced backscattering (EBS) light in random media when the spatial coherence length illumination is much smaller than transport mean free path has been poorly understood. We report that weakly scattering discrete EBS originates from time-reversed paths double scattering. Low dephases waves outside its finite area, which isolates minimal number events higher-order Moreover, we show first experimental evidence scattering, hypothesized since observation EBS.

Constructive interference between coherent waves traveling time-reversed paths in a random medium gives rise to the enhancement of light scattering observed directions close backscattering. This phenomenon is known as enhanced backscattering (EBS). According diffusion theory, angular width an EBS cone proportional ratio wavelength lambda transport mean-free-path length l(s)* medium. In biological media large approximately 0.5-2 mm >> results extremely small (approximately 0.001 degrees )...

The mechanisms of photon propagation in random media the diffusive multiple scattering regime have been previously studied using diffusion approximation. However, similar understanding low-order (subdiffusion) is not complete due to difficulties tracking photons that undergo very few scatterings events. Recent developments low-coherence enhanced backscattering (LEBS) overcome these and enable probing travel short distances only a In LEBS, observed under illumination with spatial coherence...