Vibration energy harvesting is receiving a considerable amount of interest as means for powering wireless sensor nodes. This paper presents small (component volume 0.1 cm3, practical 0.15 cm3) electromagnetic generator utilizing discrete components and optimized low ambient vibration level based upon real application data. The uses four magnets arranged on an etched cantilever with wound coil located within the moving magnetic field. Magnet size properties were optimized, final device...

This paper reviews the current state of power supply technology platforms and highlights future trends challenges toward realizing fully monolithic converters. presents a detailed survey relevant converter technologies, namely in package on chip (PwrSoC). The performance different solutions reported literature is benchmarked against existing commercial products. review integrated magnetics primarily microinductors, key component converter. A comparison microinductor structures magnetic...

The electrical conductivity of a composite model system formed by highly structured carbon black (CB) filled, within an amorphous polymer, poly(ethylene terephtalate) is studied. dc as function CB content follows scaling law the type $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\propto}(p\ensuremath{-}{p}_{c}{)}^{t}$ yielding for percolation concentration, ${p}_{c}=0.011$ and exponent, $t=2.17$. analysis temperature dependence suggests that temperatures larger than 45 K, conduction can be ascribed to...

This paper reports the development and implementation of an energy aware autonomous wireless condition monitoring sensor system (ACMS) powered by ambient vibrations. An electromagnetic (EM) generator has been designed to harvest sufficient power a radio-frequency (RF) linked accelerometer-based system. The ACMS is will adjust measurement/transmit duty cycle according available energy; this typically every 3 s at 0.6 m s−2rms acceleration can be as low 0.2 with around 12 min. EM volume only...

Single‐phase multiferroic materials are of considerable interest for future memory and sensing applications. Thin films Aurivillius phase Bi 7 Ti 3 Fe O 21 6 2.8 1.52 Mn 0.68 18 (possessing six five perovskite units per half‐cell, respectively) have been prepared by chemical solution deposition on c ‐plane sapphire. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry reveal to be antiferromagnetic ( T N = 190 K) weakly ferromagnetic below 35 K, however, gives a distinct room‐temperature...

We observe an enormous $\textit{spontaneous}$ exchange bias ($\sim$300-600 Oe) - measured in unmagnetized state following zero-field cooling a nanocomposite of BiFeO$_3$ ($\sim$94%)-Bi$_2$Fe$_4$O$_9$ ($\sim$6%) over temperature range 5-300 K. Depending on the path followed tracing hysteresis loop positive (p) or negative (n) as well maximum field applied, ($H_E$) varies significantly with $\mid-H_{Ep}\mid$ $>$ $\mid H_{En}\mid$. The dependence $H_E$ is nonmonotonic. It increases, initially,...

Hysteresis and multistability are fundamental phenomena of driven nonlinear oscillators, which, however, restrict many applications such as mechanical energy harvesting. We introduce an electrical control mechanism to switch from the low high output branch a harvester by exploiting strong interplay between its degrees freedom. This method improves conversion efficiency over wide bandwidth in frequency-amplitude-varying environment using only small budget. The underlying effect is independent...

We report a nonlinear stretching-based electromagnetic energy harvester using FR4 as vibrating spring material due to its low Young's modulus. show analytically that the nonlinearity is caused by stretching, in addition bending, of specially designed arms; this gives rise wider half-power bandwidth 10 Hz at 1 g acceleration, which almost 5 times higher than comparable linear counterpart. The output spectra first reported experimental evidence symmetry broken secondary peak single potential...

The lack of a sustainable power source to substitute batteries for long-term applications limits the widespread deployment wireless sensor nodes in this era Internet Things. Conventional linear Vibration Energy Harvesters are inefficient converting ambient mechanical energy into usable electrical owing their narrow frequency bandwidth when harnessing that is spread over wide range frequencies. In work, we design, develop and demonstrate high density nonlinear wideband harvesters using novel...

This paper discusses the theory, design and simulation of electromagnetic micropower generators with electroplated micromagnets. The power are fabricated using standard microelectromechanical system processing techniques. Electromagnetic two-dimensional finite element anlysis simulations used to determine voltage that can be generated from different designs. reports a maximum 55mV 70μW for first design, incorporating microfabricated two-layer Cu coils on Si paddle vibrating between two sets...

This paper presents the design and measured results for micro-fabricated inductors suitable use in high frequency (> 10 MHz), low power (1 -2 W) dc-dc converters. The has focused on maximizing inductor efficiency a given converter specification. Inductors range of 100 nH to 300 have been fabricated tested. small signal measurements show relatively flat inductance profile, with 10% drop at 30 MHz. Inductance vs. dc bias current less than 15% decrease 500 mA current. performance...

Highly dense hexagonal ordered arrays of superparamagnetic iron oxides nanodots are fabricated by a simple and cost-effective route. Spectroscopic, microscopic magnetic measurements show that the have uniform size, shape their placement mimics original self-assembled block copolymer pattern. The good thermal stability strong adherence to substrate surface, making them useful for practical device applications. Detailed facts importance specialist readers published as ”Supporting Information”....

Abstract Multiferroic materials displaying coupled ferroelectric and ferromagnetic order parameters could provide a means for data storage whereby bits be written electrically read magnetically, or vice versa. Thin films of Aurivillius phase Bi 6 Ti 2.8 Fe 1.52 Mn 0.68 O 18 , previously prepared by chemical solution deposition ( CSD ) technique, are multiferroics demonstrating magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature. Here, we demonstrate the growth similar composition, 2.99 1.46 0.55...

What is the future of integrated inductor design on silicon for power conversion applications at frequencies up to 100 MHz-is it magnetic-core or air-core inductors. This study presents measured results two microfabricated inductors (magnetic core and air core), which have been designed operate 20 MHz occupy a substrate area less than 10 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The technology are briefly discussed. An...

Aurivillius phase Bi5Ti3Fe0.7Co0.3O15 (BTF7C3O) thin films on α-quartz substrates were fabricated by a chemical solution deposition method and the room temperature ferroelectric magnetic properties of this candidate multiferroic compared with those Mn3+ substituted, Bi5Ti3Fe0.7Mn0.3O15 (BTF7M3O). Vertical lateral piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurements conclusively demonstrate that BTF7C3O BTF7M3O are piezoelectric at temperature, major polarization vector in plane films. No net...

Ambient mechanical vibrations are an untapped yet attractive energy source for powering wireless sensor nodes in the upcoming Internet-of-Things. Here we demonstrate magnetically induced frequency tuning effect a MEMS electromagnetic vibrational harvester. Spiral-shaped springs and double-layer copper micro-coils fabricated on silicon substrate using fabrication processes. Numerical simulations finite-element analysis exhibit substantial transformation potential stiffness profiles due to...

This paper presents the design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization of a nonlinear bistable electromagnetic vibrational energy harvesting device. A folded cantilever structure based on low Young's modulus FR4 material reduces operating frequency, while keeping device footprint relatively small. The bistability is introduced into system by pair repulsively oriented NdFeB permanent magnets. second mechanism, i.e., mechanical impact between oscillator base, also taken account....

This paper presents a microinductor fabricated on silicon using electrochemical techniques that has high efficiency in low power dc-dc converter. Small signal measurements show flat frequency response up to 20 MHz with self resonant of 130 MHz. The inductance at is approximately 440 nH dc resistance 0.5 Omega , and quality factor 11.7 5.5 current handling capability test shows less than 10% decrease 500-mA current. performance the been compared conventional chip inductor commercially...

A supercritical fluid technique was used to prepare hexagonal nanoplatelets of magnetite. Ferrocene as the Fe source, and sc-CO2 acted both a solvent oxygen source in process. Powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, magnetic measurements were characterize products. It found that morphology structure product strongly depended on reaction conditions.