The propagation of electromagnetic waves along open periodic, dielectric waveguides is formulated here as a rigorous and exact boundary-value problem. characteristic field solutions are shown to be the surface-wave or leaky-wave type, depending on ratio periodicity wavelength (d/lambda). dispersion curves space-harmonic amplitudes these fields examined for both TE TM modes. Specific numerical examples given cases holographic layers rectangularly corrugated gratings; show detailed behavior...

A theoretical investigation of resonant scattering from two-dimensional gratings is presented. Abrupt changes diffraction efficiency over a small parameter range have been observed by rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The peak reflection or transmission efficiencies can approach unity. This phenomenon explained in terms the coupling between incident plane wave and guided modes that be supported two-dimensional-grating waveguide structure. Because double periodicity, field coupled into any...

A computationally efficient implementation of rigorous coupled-wave analysis is presented. The eigenvalue problem for a one-dimensional grating in conical mounting reduced to two problems the corresponding nonconical mounting. This reduction yields n × matrices solve eigenvalues and eigenvectors, where number orders retained computation. For two-dimensional grating, size matrix 2n 2n. These simplifications reduce computation time by 8–32 times compared with original time. In addition, we...

First a rigorous formulation is presented for the scattering of uniform plane wave by an infinite dielectric grating waveguide, under most general condition oblique incidence. The results are then applied to analysis guidance waves waveguide. By using simple coordinate rotation, TE and TM Floquet mode functions determined previously special case principal-plane incidence combined treat In terms coupling between known both polarizations, formulated in exact fashion, as three-dimensional...

This paper presents theoretical and experimental results for a finite-width conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (FW-CBCPW). The guiding characteristics of FW-CBCPW are investigated first by the rigorous method mode matching. An through line is then placed within test fixture commonly used in laboratories, scattering parameters obtained theoretically approximating as simple system coupled transmission lines. Experimental shown to agree very well with ones. In particular, anomalous behavior...

Abstract In this study, organic photodetectors (OPDs) are fabricated using the polymer donor D18 and four Y6 derivatives (Y6, L8‐BO, BTP‐eC9, Y18), each exhibiting distinct surface energies HOMO/LUMO energy levels. This allows investigation of impact morphological variations level alignment within blend films on loss ( E ), a key factor influencing near‐infrared (NIR) OPD performance. Grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) analysis reveals that D18/Y18 film exhibits an...

Polycrystalline PbZrO3 films with a preferred orientation were fabricated via the metal-organic decomposition method. For heat-treated films, P-E hysteresis loops, dielectric spectra, and I-V curves show interesting changes time, which strongly suggest coexistence of antiferroelectric ferroelectric phases at room temperature. Based on easy transition between these two phases, electric properties become tunable. A tunability about 50.2% below 8.2 V makes it promising low working-voltage...

By simulating the operating dynamics of synchronous generators (SGs), use virtual (VSG) can help overcome inverter-based generators' shortcomings low inertia and minimal damping for grid-forming applications. VSGs' stability is very important its solar wind electricity Currently, related research mostly focuses on VSGs their application to microgrids. There has been little explore how effect frequency oscillations in power transmission systems. This paper describes a small-signal model...

The changes in biomass (including yield), copper (Cu) concentration, and the accumulation of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) response to soil Cu pollution under nighttime warming had still not been explored. Hence, this study was carried out, these variations were analyzed from a physiological perspective. Pot trials performed at two levels ambient temperatures (no-warming (NT) average 0.28 °C (WT)) concentrations (control check without application (CK) 100 mg/kg (Cu)). Soil collected carbonate...

We present a theoretical and experimental study on the diffraction characteristics of gratings, with particular attention focused effects polarization. The goal our is to develop multifunctional devices for use in pickup head optical storage systems. Experiments numerical calculations are carried out systematically determine grating parameters depth, period, duty cycle also incident-wave incident angle, wavelength, It shown that, theoretically, efficiency can reach 100% both TE TM...

This paper presents an efficient concurrent failure detection method for pipelined asynchronous circuits. We first validate permanent and transient fault modeling in clockless systems. By augmenting the rails to each data channel adding extra logic circuit module, we make circuits achieve fail-stop with respect hard or soft errors. The experimental evaluations show this incurs both reasonable hardware cost low performance overhead.

On the basis of non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) multiple‐scattering channel characteristic wireless ultraviolet (UV), authors designed a UV transmit–receive link model and discussed many aspects this model. The is developed by Monte Carlo method. They focus on performance study NLOS communication system with multi‐user interference. Numerical simulations are conducted for some application scenarios, where various parameters changed in three‐dimensional space such as elevation angle transmitter...

Based on the Riemann sum method, we propose idea of studying pulse response width in a moving scene by using non-line-of-sight (NLOS) wireless ultraviolet (UV) single-scatter communication model. We simulated effect transmitter eight directions from origin width, when receiver is fixed at point (100, 0, 0). Furthermore, characteristics were analyzed with varying elevation angle, beam field-of-view (FOV) and other geometric parameters. The results show that widened under condition movement....

The authors present a novel full-wave mode-matching approach to accurately analyze the dispersion characteristics of millimeter-wave and microwave transmission lines with finite conductivity, metallization thickness, holding grooves. is quite general, but only results for unilateral finline are presented. accuracy solution depends primarily on correct complete description eigenfunction expansions in each uniform (stratified) or nonuniform layer regions. latter consists metallized strips...

A rigorous analysis of an optical beam coupler the periodic variety is presented in terms a leaky-wave formulation. The particular case surface wave producing one or two beams, and partition available energy between these are considered.

In this paper, the wavelet transform algorithm is used to reduce noise of ultraviolet (UV) light received signals. An improved calculation method thresholds and a new threshold function are proposed. The avoids discontinuity traditional hard function. It can also avoid constant deviation caused by soft takes into account effect decomposition level, simulation results show effectiveness proposed method. Compared with other methods, in paper obtain better denoising effect.

Measurement of thermal properties thin films is challenging. In particular, characterization very difficult in semi-transparent samples. Here, we use two photothermal methods to obtain information about the diffusivity as well conductivity azoheteroarene functionalized polymer layers. The beam deflection (PBD) method employed gather data directly on and diffusivity, while lens (TL) measure effective diffusivity. Consequently, layers indirectly estimated from using a well-established...

Based on the Monte Carlo (MC) method, a non-coplanar ultraviolet (UV) multiple-scatter propagation model with height difference between transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) was presented. We focused relationship bit error rate (BER) Tx Rx. also studied impact of elevation angle off-axis Rx BER under condition that is not zero. In addition, an outdoor UV communication testbed set up to provide support for validity MC model. The simulation results show when increases, first decreases then can be...

In wireless ultraviolet optical communications, noise is one of the most essential factors affecting communication system performance. This paper presents a scheme reducing in received signal using wavelet transform algorithms. An effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculation method for signals also proposed, and adopted by our denoising so that an optimal basis function can be selected. The proposed applied to both generated from multi-scattering transmission simulation model physical...

Abstract Although the excitation-time imaging condition offers a lower memory consumption and higher computational efficiency compared to cross-correlation condition, it has not been widely used in industrial applications because of accuracy problem traveltime calculation influence low-wave-number noise. In this paper, we introduce physics-informed neural network (PINN) algorithm achieve high-precision source forward wavefield. Subsequently, technique for wavefield decomposition reverse-time...