Aedes aegypti, the principal vector for dengue and other emerging arboviruses, breeds preferentially in various man-made natural container habitats. In absence of vaccine, epidemiological surveillance control remain best practices preventing outbreaks. Effective depends on a good understanding larval adult ecology which little is known Kenya. current study, we sought to characterize breeding habitats establish productivity profiles Ae. aegypti rural urban sites western coastal Kenya.Twenty...

Studies were conducted between April 2004 and February 2006 to determine the blood-feeding pattern of Anopheles mosquitoes in Mwea Kenya. Samples collected indoors by pyrethrum spay catch outdoors Centers for Disease Control light traps processed blood meal analysis an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. A total 3,333 blood-fed representing four species 2,796 samples assayed, with arabiensis comprising 76.2% (n = 2,542) followed decreasing order coustani 8.9% 297), pharoensis 8.2% 272)...

The impact of permethrin-treated bednets on the feeding and house entering/exiting behavior malaria vectors was assessed in two studies western Kenya. In one study, matched pairs houses were allocated randomly to receive or no bednets. Exiting mosquitoes collected Colombian curtains hung around half each house; indoor resting by pyrethrum spray catches. number Anopheles gambiae Giles An. arabiensis Patton estimated have entered unaffected presence bednets; funestus less likely enter a if...

Clay pots were analyzed as devices for sampling the outdoor resting fraction of Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) and other mosquito species in a rural, western Kenya. (Anopheles pots, herein AgREPOTs), pit shelters, indoor pyrethrum spray collections (PSC), Colombian curtain exit traps compared done biweekly nine intervals from April to June 2005 20 housing compounds. Of 10,517 mosquitoes sampled, 4,668 An. s.l. sampled total which 63% s.s. (46% female) 37% arabiensis (66%...

Mosquitoes sampling is an important component in malaria control. However, most of the methods used have several shortcomings and hence there a need to develop calibrate new methods. The Mbita trap for capturing host-seeking mosquitoes was recently developed successfully tested Kenya. less effective at catching outdoor-biting Anopheles funestus arabiensis Madagascar and, thus, further evaluate this diverse epidemiological settings. This study reports field evaluation rice irrigation scheme...

The mosquito sampling efficiency of a new bed net trap (the Mbita trap) was compared with that the Centers for Disease Control miniature light (hung adjacent to an occupied net) and human landing catch in western Kenya. Overall, caught 48.7 +/- 4.8% (mean SEM) number Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu lato 27.4 8.2% by trap. corresponding figures funestus were 74.6 1.3% 39.2 1.9%, respectively. Despite clear differences numbers mosquitoes each method, both catches directly proportional regardless...

Pre-adult stages of malaria vectors in semi-arid areas are confronted with highly variable and challenging climatic conditions. The objective this study was to determine which larval habitat types most productive terms densities the dry wet seasons within environments, how vector species productivity is partitioned over time. Larval habitats were mapped larvae sampled longitudinally using standard dipping techniques. Larvae identified level morphologically taxonomic keys sub-species by...

Abstract An exposure‐free bednet trap (the ‘Mbita trap’) for sampling of Afrotropical malaria vectors was developed during preliminary studies mosquito behaviour around human‐occupied bednets. Its efficiency compared to the CDC miniature light‐trap and human landing catches under semi‐field conditions in a screen‐walled greenhouse using laboratory‐reared Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae). When competitive manner (side by side), Mbita caught 4.1 ± 0.5 times as many...

Clay pots were analyzed as devices for sampling the outdoor resting fraction of Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) and other mosquito species in a rural, western Kenya. (Anopheles pots, herein AgREPOTs), pit shelters, indoor pyrethrum spray collections (PSC), Colombian curtain exit traps compared done biweekly nine intervals from April to June 2005 20 housing compounds. Of 10,517 mosquitoes sampled, 4,668 An. s.l. sampled total which 63% s.s. (46% female) 37% arabiensis (66%...

There is a dearth of information on malaria endemicity in the islands Lake Victoria western Kenya. In this study prevalence and Plasmodium sporozoite rates Rusinga Island were investigated. The contribution different Anopheles species to indoor outdoor transmission was also determined. Active case detection through microscopy used diagnose 10% random sample human population longitudinal entomological survey conducted Gunda village 2012. Nocturnally active host-seeking mosquitoes captured...

Plant extracts from Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Family: Canellaceae), Psiadia punctulata Vatke Compositae) and Chasmanthera dependens Hoschst Menispermaceae) were tested for activity on Leishmania major promastigotes (Strain IDU/KE/83 = NLB-144) infected macrophages in vitro. Plants collected Baringo district, dried, extracted, weighed antileishmanial activity. Serial dilutions of the crude assayed their against cell free cultures Inhibitory concentrations levels cytotoxicity determined....

The ecology of malaria vectors particularly in semi-arid areas Africa is poorly understood. Accurate knowledge on this subject will boost current efforts to reduce the burden sub-Saharan Africa. objective study was describe dynamics transmission two model sites (Kamarimar and Tirion) Baringo Kenya. Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors by pyrethrum spray collections (PSC) outdoors Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps identified species morphological characteristics. Sibling...

Entomopathogenic fungi are increasingly gaining recognition as a viable alternative to synthetic insecticides for pest management; their efficacy is influenced by several biotic and abiotic factors. In this study, the effect of temperature on germination, growth virulence two isolates Metarhizium anisopliae, ICIPE 18 69, against first-instar larvae Maruca vitrata at temperatures ranging from 15–35 °C, mass-production potential were assessed under laboratory conditions. Minimum, optimum...

Abstract Background Aedes aegypti is an efficient vector of several arboviruses public health importance, including Zika and dengue. Currently management the only available avenue for disease control. Development control strategies requires a thorough understanding ecology. In this study, we identified households that are consistently productive Ae. pupae determined ecological socio-demographic factors associated with persistence abundance in rural urban Kenya. Methods We collected...

A study was carried out on 456 indigenous poultry intestinal specimens from various towns in Kenya to determine the occurrence and distribution of helminth parasites tract birds. Of examined, 414 had whereas remaining 42 none, which is an infection rate 90.78 %. The main species helminths found intestines were Raillietina sp. (47.53 %), Heterakis gallinarum (21.33 Ascaridia galli (10.03 Strongyloides avium (9.96 Choanotaenia infundibulum (4.61 Cotugnia digonopora (3.6 Capillaria (1.5...

Introduction . Behavioural resistance to insecticides restrains the efficacy of vector control tools against mosquito-transmitted diseases. The current study is aimed at determining impact insecticide on major malaria vectors’ biting, feeding, and resting behaviour in areas with without Teso North South, Busia County, Western Kenya. Methods Mosquito larvae were sampled using a dipper, reared into 3-5-day-old female mosquitoes [4944] which exposed 0.75% permethrin 0.05% deltamethrin World...

The coconut bug, Pseudotheraptus wayi Brown (Heteroptera: Coreidae), is a major pest of wide range economically important crops in Eastern and Southern Africa. suitability French beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) as an alternative food for mass rearing P. was determined by elucidating its development, survival, reproduction on bean pods the laboratory. Development survival immatures beans comparable to what reported with two hosts previously used this species, namely cashew....