A5025400594- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Travel-related health issues
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Sex work and related issues
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Migration, Health and Trauma
- Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
2016-2025
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2010-2025
WWF-Indonesia
2012-2025
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2005-2024
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2020-2024
University of Namur
2023
United Nations Children's Fund India
2023
Center for Global Health
2011-2022
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
2022
Columbia University
2022
Aedes albopictus, commonly known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is currently most invasive mosquito in world. It of medical importance due to its aggressive daytime human-biting behavior and ability vector many viruses, including dengue, LaCrosse, West Nile. Invasions into new areas potential range are often initiated through transportation eggs via international trade used tires. We use a genetic algorithm, Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production (GARP), determine ecological niche Ae....
Spatial analyses of the effect insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) on nearby households both with and without ITNs was performed in context a large-scale, group-randomized, controlled mortality trial Asembo, western Kenya. Results illustrate protective compounds lacking located within 300 meters for child mortality, moderate anemia, high-density parasitemia, hemoglobin levels. This community is approximately as strong observed villages ITNs. implies that areas intense malaria...
North American strains of Aedes albopictus , an Asian mosquito recently introduced into the Western Hemisphere, exhibit photoperiodic sensitivity and cold-hardiness characteristics similar to originating from temperate zone Asia. Trade statistics for used tire imports, most likely mode introduction, also indicate a north origin. important vector dengue potential many other arboviral diseases, may therefore have capability infesting much America.
Abstract Background High coverage of insecticide-treated bed nets in Asembo and low Seme, two adjacent communities western Nyanza Province, Kenya; followed by expanded as the Kenya national malaria programme rolled out; provided a natural experiment for quantification changes relative abundance primary vectors this holoendemic region. Both belong to Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) species complex, namely A. stricto (s.s.) arabiensis . Historically, former was proportionately dominant...
Background Keeping girls in school offers them protection against early marriage, teen pregnancy, and sexual harms, enhances social economic equity. Studies report menstruation exacerbates school-drop out poor attendance, although evidence is sparse. This study qualitatively examines the menstrual experiences of young adolescent schoolgirls. Methods Findings The was conducted Siaya County rural western Kenya. A sample 120 aged 14–16 years took part 11 focus group discussions, which were...
The KEMRI/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Health Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) is located in Rarieda, Siaya Gem Districts (Siaya County), lying northeast of Lake Victoria Nyanza Province, western Kenya. KEMRI/CDC HDSS, with approximately 220 000 inhabitants, has been the foundation a variety studies, including evaluations insecticide-treated bed nets, burden diarrhoeal disease tuberculosis, malaria parasitaemia anaemia, treatment strategies immunological correlates...
Lack of menstrual knowledge, poor access to sanitary products and a non-facilitating school environment can make it difficult for girls attend school. In India, interventions have been developed reduce the burden menstruation by government non-governmental organizations (NGOs). We sought identify challenges related menstruation, facilitators management in schools three states India.Surveys were conducted among menstruating class 8-10 (above 12 years age) 43 selected through stratified random...
A lack of adequate guidance on menstrual management; water, disposal, and private changing facilities; sanitary hygiene materials in low- middle-income countries leaves schoolgirls with limited options for healthy personal during monthly menses. While a plethora observational studies have described how management (MHM) barriers school impact girls' dignity, well-being, engagement activities, yet to confirm if inadequate information facilities MHM significantly affects quantifiable health...
Introduction Secondary school closures aimed at limiting the number of infections and deaths due to COVID-19 may have amplified negative sexual reproductive health (SRH) schooling outcomes vulnerable adolescent girls. This study measure pandemic-related effects on pregnancy dropout among school-going girls in Kenya. Methods We report longitudinal findings 910 their last 2 years secondary school. The took place 12 day schools rural western Kenya between 2018 2021. Using a causal-comparative...
A longitudinal survey of mosquito larval habitats was carried out in Asembo Bay, western Kenya, during the rainy season 1998. All pools standing water along a 700-m transect were sampled twice per week. For each habitat, eight environmental variables recorded and sample anopheline larvae collected for identification. In total, 1,751 Anopheles gambiae s.l. 2,784 funestus Giles identified. Identification An. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that 240 (14.7%) 858 (52.4%) arabiensis...
A group-randomized controlled trial of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) was conducted in an area high perennial malaria transmission western Kenya to test the effect ITNs on all-cause mortality children 1-59 months age. Child deaths were monitored over a two-year period by biannual household census Asembo (1997-1998) and Gem (1998-1999). Overall, 1,722 occurred followed for 35,932 child-years. Crude rates/1,000 child-years 51.9 versus 43.9 control ITN villages old. The...
Young people in European countries are experiencing high levels of alcohol and drug use escalating sexually transmitted infections. Individually these represent major public health priorities. Understanding the association between sex substance use, specifically strategic roles for which young utilise substances to facilitate sexual activity, remains limited. Respondent driven sampling methodology was used nine cities survey 1,341 16–35 year olds representing youth younger adults who...
The impact of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) on malaria in pregnancy was studied a rural area western Kenya with intense perennial transmission. All households 40 79 villages were randomized to receive ITNs by January 1997. distributed control two years later. Complete data birth outcome available 2,754 (89.6%) 3,072 deliveries. Women (n = 780) followed monthly throughout 19 villages. Among gravidae 1-4, associated reductions 38% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17-54%) the...
The effect of permethrin-treated bed nets (ITNs) on malaria vectors was studied as part a large-scale, randomized, controlled trial in western Kenya. Indoor resting densities fed Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus intervention houses were 58.5% ( P = 0.010) 94.5% 0.001) lower, respectively, compared with control houses. sporozoite infection rate 0.8% areas 3.4% 0.026) areas, while the rates not significantly different between two areas. We estimated overall transmission Plasmodium...
Adherence with permethrin-treated bed net (ITN) use and their proper deployment was directly observed in 2,178 individuals (784 households) participating a large-scale trial of ITNs on child mortality western Kenya. The were distributed free charge to ensure high coverage, resulting ratio 1.46 persons per ITN. Approximately 30% present unused. overall percentage adherence 72.3%. probability by depended strongly age (relative risk [RR] = 0.86, 95% confidence limit [CL] 0.78-0.94), which...
Objectives Conduct a feasibility study on the effect of menstrual hygiene schoolgirls' school and health (reproductive/sexual) outcomes. Design 3-arm single-site open cluster randomised controlled pilot study. Setting 30 primary schools in rural western Kenya, within Health Demographic Surveillance System. Participants Primary schoolgirls 14–16 years, experienced 3 menses, no precluding disability, resident area. Interventions 1 insertable cup, or monthly sanitary pads, against ‘usual...
Abstract Background Malaria vector control in Africa depends upon effective insecticides bed nets and indoor residual sprays. This study investigated the extent of insecticide resistance Anopheles gambiae s.l., s.s. arabiensis western Kenya where ownership insecticide-treated has risen steadily from late 1990s to 2010. Temporal spatial variation frequency a knock down ( kdr ) allele A. was quantified, as phenotypic among geographic populations s.l. Methods To investigate temporal frequency,...
Historically, the malaria vectors in western Kenya have been Anopheles funestus, gambiae s.s., and arabiensis. Of these species, An. funestus populations declined most after introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) 1990s Asembo, collections region remained low until at least 2008. Contrary to findings during early years ITN use majority collected here 2010 2011 were funestus. Female had characteristically high Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates showed nearly 100%...