A phase-only hologram applies a modal transformation to an optical transverse spatial mode via phase encoding and intensity masking. Accurate control of the field crucially depends on method employed encode hologram. In this Letter, we present amplitude into hologram, which allows exact modes. Any masking modulates alters field. Our consists in correcting for unwanted alteration by modifying encryption accordingly. We experimentally verify accuracy our applying it generation detection modes...

The technologies of heating, photovoltaics, water photocatalysis and artificial photosynthesis depend on the absorption light novel approaches such as coherent from a standing wave promise total dissipation energy. Extending control down to very low levels eventually single photon regime is great interest yet remains largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate photons in deeply sub-wavelength 50% absorber. We show that while travelling probabilistic, can be observed deterministically, with...

In quantum information, systems and their properties offer unprecedented opportunities. Being able to harness additional degrees of freedom adds power flexibility algorithms protocols. this work, we demonstrate that the radial transverse mode a single photon constitutes one such degree freedom. We do so by showing can tune two-photon interference, quintessential effect basic constituent many protocols, manipulating its modal profiles. Our in addition allowing for greater versatility existing...

We present an algorithm for projecting superoperators onto the set of completely positive, trace-preserving maps. When combined with gradient descent a cost function, procedure results in quantum process tomography: finding that best fits sufficient observations. compare performance our to diluted iterative as well second-order solvers interfaced popular cvx package matlab, and find it be significantly faster more accurate while guaranteeing physical estimate.

When two indistinguishable photons are each incident on separate input ports of a beamsplitter they `bunch' deterministically, exiting via the same port as direct consequence their bosonic nature. This two-photon interference effect has long-held potential for application in precision measurement time delays, such those induced by transparent specimens with unknown thickness profiles. However, technique never achieved resolutions significantly better than few femtosecond (micron)-scale other...

We quantify precisely the maximum secure information capacity of photons entangled in high dimensions for entanglement orbital angular momentum and degrees freedom. Our analysis takes careful account influence experimental imperfections, such as nonunity detection efficiency, on degree Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) hence photon pairs. find that there is an optimal dimension maximizes whose value can be predicted analytically from knowledge only a few parameters.

Abstract Accurate quantum tomography is a vital tool in both fundamental and applied science. It task that involves processing noisy measurement record order to construct reliable estimate of an unknown state, central computing, metrology communication. To date, many different approaches state estimation have been developed, yet no one method fits all applications, fail relatively quickly as the dimensionality grows. In this work, we suggest projected gradient descent can evade some these...

Many autoionizing levels of Ne are seen in the ionization efficiency (I.E.) curve between 42 and 51 eV reported for first time. A method to estimate energies 2s22p43s3l states leading interpretation our data is presented. Four negative-ion also identified, their shape factors q widths Γ given. New techniques had be developed described.

In quantum mechanics, predictions are made by way of calculating expectation values observables, which take the form Hermitian operators. Non-Hermitian operators, however, not necessarily devoid physical significance, and they can play a crucial role in characterization states. Here we show that particular set non-Hermitian matrices, call column directly yield complex coefficients state vector. We provide definition vector terms measurable quantities decomposing these operators into...

A recently reported mathematical treatment is analyzed, which improves the detection of structures located over a strong continuum. This method does not have drawbacks commonly used differentiation and may be as an adjustable filter, selecting according to their natural width. Detection autoionizing states in argon measurement energy shift between ionization thresholds H 2 D are presented, examples application.

Clearly resolved structures are reported for the first time in ionization curve of Ar between 24 and 29.5 eV. We have found energy shape excitation cross section several states. The negative-ion state − (3s3p 6 4s 2 ) has also been detected.

An expression is deduced to predict the profiles encountered when autoionizing neutral states are detected. The validity of new equation shown by comparison with a structure detected in electroionization curve neon and attributed 2s 2 2p 4 3s ( 3 P) state neon. furthermore explains why 2s2p 6 3s( 1 S) appeared missing previous work.

The ability to uniquely identify a quantum state is integral science, but for nonorthogonal states, mechanics precludes deterministic, error-free discrimination. However, using the nondeterministic protocol of unambiguous discrimination enables differentiation at cost lower frequency success. We discriminate experimentally between nonorthogonal, high-dimensional states encoded in single photons; our results range from dimension d=2 d=14. quantify performance method by comparing total...

In the event in which a quantum mechanical particle can pass from an initial state to final along two possible paths, duality principle states that "the simultaneous observation of wave and behavior is prohibited" [Scully MO, Englert B-G, Walther H (1991) Nature 351:111-116]. Whereas associated with interference fringes, generally corresponds acquisition which-path information by means coupling paths measuring device or part their environment. this paper, we show how consequences change when...

A new electron impact apparatus has been used to measure the ionization current of Xe and Kr between 2P3/2 2P1/2 thresholds with a high signal noise ratio. In both gases we have observed contribution several autoionizing d′ levels as well perturbations continuum due negative ion states.

The detection and characterization of quantum states light plays an important role in science. Traditional methods use single-photon detectors, but these are generally limited to point measurements; consequently, multi-pixel devices now being utilized measurements, especially the field imaging. Here, we demonstrate capability EMCCD camera record multiple coincidence events originating from parametric downconversion where mean photon number per pixel is much greater than unity. nature enables...

Two He- resonances have been observed near 60 eV in the total cross sections for formation of metastable neutral helium. Comparison measured resonance energies with values obtained by other methods shows that they result from perturbation (2s22p)2P and (2s2p2)2D negative ion states.

In an effort to challenge the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, Karl Popper proposed experiment involving spatially separated entangled particles. this experiment, one particles passes through a very narrow slit, and thereby its position becomes well-defined. This particle therefore diffracts into large divergence angle; effect can be understood as consequence Heisenberg uncertainty principle. further argued that partner would become comparably localized in position, that,...

Abstract The duality principle, a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, limits the coexistence wave and particle behaviours systems. This limitation takes quantitative form when applied to visibility "Equation missing"<!-- image only, no MathML or LaTex --> interference fringes predictability paths within two-alternative system, which are bound by inequality -->. However, if such system is coupled its environment, it becomes possible obtain conditional measures predictability, i.e. that...

Clearly resolved structures are observed in the appearance efficiency curve of N + ions produced by impact monoenergetic electrons on 2 . The between 24.3 and 25 eV attributed to arising from predissociation C Σ u state. Between 29.5 some new reported. resulting collision induced dissociation also appear an energy region lower than first limit. this range autoionizing Rydberg states

Get PDF Email Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Mendeley BibSonomy Citation Copy Text E. Bolduc, J. Leach, D. Gauthier, and R. W. Boyd, "The secure information capacity of photons entangled in high dimensions," Frontiers Optics 2012/Laser Science XXVIII, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2012), paper FTh4B.7. Export BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain alert Save article

This work reports numerous atomic levels of Ar observed between 43.38 and 60 eV above the ground state I. These levels, until now undetected, produce weak perturbations on double ionization curve obtained by electron impact. The cross section near this ++ threshold varies very nearly as a quadratic function. Most reported argon have configuration 3s3p 5 4l 4l′. Ionic states are also responsible for some these structures.

In quantum mechanics, predictions are made by way of calculating expectation values observables, which take the form Hermitian operators. It is far less common to exploit non-Hermitian operators perform measurements. Here, we show that a particular set matrices, call column operators, directly yield complex coefficients state vector. We provide definition vector in terms measurable quantities decomposing into observables. The technique propose renders very-large-scale states significantly...

Recent advances in light matter interaction have demonstrated the possibility to coherently absorb and modulate with sub-wavelength, partially absorbing thin films. We demonstrate an ON-OFF ratio of 90% using graphene as a broadband modulator.