A5030626676- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Coal and Its By-products
- Coal Combustion and Slurry Processing
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Combustion and flame dynamics
- Fire dynamics and safety research
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
- Forest Biomass Utilization and Management
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Iron and Steelmaking Processes
- Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
- Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
- Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics
- Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
- Fire effects on ecosystems
Umeå University
2016-2025
University Hospital of Lausanne
2015
University of Maryland Extension
2012
University of Edinburgh
2011
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
2011
Mount Sinai Hospital
2011
Mount Sinai Hospital
2011
There is relatively extensive knowledge available concerning ash transformation reactions during combustion of woody biomass. In recent decades, the use these energy carriers has increased, from a low-technology residential small-scale level to an industrial scale. Along this evolution, chemical-related phenomena for biomass have been observed and studied. Therefore, presently understanding are, if not complete, fairly good. However, because demand CO2-neutral resources increased recently...
Abstract Background Residential wood combustion is now recognized as a major particle source in many developed countries, and the number of studies investigating negative health effects associated with smoke exposure currently increasing. The appliances use today provide highly variable conditions resulting large variations physicochemical characteristics emitted particles. These differences properties are likely to influence biological induced by Outline focus this review discuss present...
Climate change policies have stimulated a shift towards renewable energy sources such as biomass. The economic crisis of 2008 has also increased the practice household biomass burning it is often cheaper than using oil, gas or electricity for heating. As result, combustion becoming an important source air pollutants in European Union. This position paper discusses contribution to pollution levels Europe, and emerging evidence on adverse health effects products. Epidemiological studies...
Pulmonary cells exposed to diesel exhaust (DE) particles in vitro respond a hierarchical fashion with protective antioxidant responses predominating at low doses and inflammation injury only occurring higher concentrations. In the present study, authors examined whether similar occurred vivo , specifically antioxidants were upregulated following low-dose DE challenge investigated how these related development of airway different levels respiratory tract where particle dose varies markedly. A...
In controlled human exposure studies, diesel engine exhaust inhalation impairs vascular function and enhances thrombus formation. The aim of the present study was to establish whether an particle trap could prevent these adverse cardiovascular effects in men.Nineteen healthy volunteers (mean age, 25±3 years) were exposed filtered air presence or absence a for 1 hour randomized, double-blind, 3-way crossover trial. Bilateral forearm blood flow plasma fibrinolytic factors assessed with venous...
The characteristics and quantities of a large number gaseous particulate emission components during combustion in residential wood log stove with variations fuel, appliance operational conditions were determined experimentally. measurement campaign included CO, NOx, organic carbon (OGC), volatile compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total matter (PMtot) as well particle mass concentrations, size distributions, inorganic composition. CO varied the range 1100 to 7200...
The aim was to identify relationships between combustion conditions, particle characteristics, and optical properties of fresh photochemically processed emissions from biomass combustion. conditions included nominal high burn rate operation individual phases a conventional wood stove. Low temperature pyrolysis upon fuel addition resulted in "tar-ball" type particles dominated by organic aerosol with an absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) 2.5-2.7 estimated Brown Carbon contributions 50-70% at...
Diesel emissions are a major contributor to combustion-generated airborne ambient particles. To understand the role of diesel particulate on health effects, it is important predict actual dose deposited in human respiratory tract, with respect number, surface area and mass. This complicated by agglomerate nature some these In this study tract deposition fraction size range 10–500 nm, was determined for 10 healthy volunteers during both idling transient engine running conditions heavy duty...
Abstract Background Emissions from biomass combustion are a major source of indoor and outdoor air pollution, estimated to cause millions premature deaths worldwide annually. Whilst adverse respiratory health effects exposure well established, less is known about its on the cardiovascular system. In this study we assessed effect wood smoke heart rate, blood pressure, central arterial stiffness rate variability in otherwise healthy persons. Methods Fourteen non-smoking subjects participated...
Stove performance, characteristics, and quantities of gaseous particulate emissions were determined for two different pellet stoves, varying fuel load, diameter, chimney draft. This approach aimed at covering variations in from stoves use today. The extensive measurement campaign included CO, NOx, organic carbon, volatile compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total matter (PMtot) as well particle mass number concentrations, size distributions, inorganic composition. At...
Time-resolved emissions of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total organic matter (OA) from a wood log stove an adjusted pellet were investigated with high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS). The highest OA found during the addition on glowing embers, that is, slow burning pyrolysis conditions. These contained about 1% PAHs (of OA). PAH fast under hot air starved combustion conditions, in both stoves. In latter case, contributed up to 40% OA,...
The increased focus on potential adverse health effects associated with exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) motivates a careful characterization of particle emissions from different sources. Combustion is major anthropogenic source fine PM, and, in urban areas, traditional residential wood combustion can be contributor. New and upgraded biomass fuels have become more common, fuel pellets are especially well-suited for the market. objective present work was determine mass size...
Abstract Background Traffic emissions including diesel engine exhaust are associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity mortality. Controlled human exposure studies have demonstrated impaired vascular function after inhalation of generated by a under idling conditions. Objectives To assess the fibrinolytic effects to during urban-cycle running conditions that mimic ambient 'real-world' exposures. Methods In randomised double-blind crossover study, eighteen healthy male...
A growing interest has been observed for the use of cereal grains in small- and medium-scale heating. Previous studies have performed to determine fuel quality various combustion purposes. The present investigation was undertaken order elucidate potential abatement low-temperature corrosion deposits formation by using additives (calcite kaolin) during oat. Special emphasis put on understanding role slag bottom ash composition volatilization species responsible fouling emission fine particles...
Biomass combustion contributes to the production of ambient particulate matter (PM) in rural environments as well urban settings, but relatively little is known about health effects these emissions. The aim this study was therefore characterize airway responses humans exposed wood smoke PM under controlled conditions. Nineteen healthy volunteers were both smoke, at a (PM2.5) concentration 224 ± 22 μg/m3, and filtered air for three hours with intermittent exercise. generated employing an...
New biofuel raw materials for energy pellet production are now being studied as potential sources the heating market. Because of complexity chemical and physical properties novel fuels, such some agricultural residues crops, study their ash-related aspects is crucial sustainable development this sector. Ash fractions formed during fixed-bed combustion different pelletized crops; i.e., two Mediterranean crops (one herbaceous, brassica, one woody species, poplar) three Chinese cassava stems...
The influence of phosphorus on the alkali distribution in fluidized (quartz) bed combustion using two different typical biomasses (logging residues and wheat straw) was studied. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) used as an additive. produced ash fractions were analyzed for morphology elemental composition by scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), crystalline phases powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD). For both fuel assortments tested, a reduction volatilized deposit fine...
Smoke from combustion of biomass fuels is a major risk factor for respiratory disease, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim this study was to determine whether exposure wood smoke incomplete would elicit airway inflammation in humans. Fourteen healthy subjects underwent controlled exposures on two separate occasions filtered air and with PM1 concentration at 314 μg/m3 3 h chamber. Bronchoscopy bronchial wash (BW), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) endobronchial mucosal...
Time-resolved particle emissions from a conventional wood stove were investigated with aerosol mass spectrometry to provide links between combustion conditions, emission factors, mixing state of refractory black carbon and implications for organic tracer methods. The addition new batch fuel results in low temperature pyrolysis as the heats up, resulting strong, short-lived, variable peaks aerosol-containing markers anhydrous sugars, such levoglucosan (fragment at m/z 60). Flaming dominated...
In this study, ash transformation and release of critical ash-forming elements during single-pellet combustion different types agricultural opportunity fuels were investigated. The work focused on potassium (K) phosphorus (P). Single pellets poplar, wheat straw, grass, grain residues combusted in a macro-thermogravimetric analysis reactor at three furnace temperatures (600, 800, 950 °C). order to study the inorganic matters stages thermal conversion process, collected before after full...
Smoke from biomass combustion has been identified as a major environmental risk factor associated with adverse health effects globally. Deposition of the smoke particles in lungs is crucial for toxicological effects, but not previously studied experimentally. We investigated size-dependent respiratory-tract deposition aerosol wood humans. Two conditions were pellet burner: efficient ("complete") and low-temperature (incomplete) simulating "wood smoke." The fraction 15-to 680-nm was measured...