A significant transformation occurs globally as transportation switches from fossil fuel-powered to zero and ultra-low tailpipe emissions vehicles. The transition the electric vehicle requires an infrastructure of charging stations (CSs) with information technology, ingenious, distributed energy generation units, favorable government policies. This paper discusses key factors when planning infrastructure. provides about technological developments that can be used improve design...

The concept of smart grid was introduced a decade ago. Demand side management (DSM) is one the crucial aspects that provides users with opportunity to optimize their load usage pattern fill gap between energy supply and demand reduce peak average ratio (PAR), thus resulting in economic efficiency ultimately. application DSM programs lucrative for both utility consumers. Utilities can implement improve system power quality, reliability, efficiency, while consumers experience savings,...

<abstract><p>Mathematical inequalities supporting interval-valued stochastic processes are rarely addressed. Recently, Afzal et al. introduced the notion of $ \mathtt{h} $-Godunova-Levin and developed Hermite-Hadamard Jensen type in setting functions. This note introduces a more generalized class Godunova-Levin process that unifies several previously published results through use Kulisch-Miranker order relations discussed relation to processes. Further, it is first time...

Bending vibration of flat plates is controlled using patches active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatments. Each ACLD patch consists a visco-elastic which sandwiched between two piezo-electric layers. The first directly bonded to the plate sense its and second acts as an actuator actively control shear deformation according response. With such active/passive capabilities energy dissipation mechanism enhanced characteristics improved. A finite element model developed analyze dynamics are...

Although demand for the multi-segmented and multi-layered (MSML) interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor is high, analytic method this has not yet been proposed. The finite element used in analysis design of MSML IPM motor, even though it takes much time to perform. To solve problem, correct rapid proposed paper. This called MCC because combination Magnetic equivalent circuit, Conformal mapping consider slotting effect, Concentration flux IPM. Furthermore, feasibility optimization by using verified

To optimize an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) design for a fuel cell electric vehicle, new surrogate-assisted multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The that can account three kinds of objectives such as the torque amplitude, ripple, and usage simultaneously to improve power transmission reduce noise, vibration, cost various variables. While conventional MOO algorithms have series requires many function evaluations, especially considering...

The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) are prone to certain uncertainties, nonlinearities, and external disturbances. maximum power transfer from WECS the utility grid system requires a high-performance control in presence of such nonlinearities This paper presents nonlinear robust chattering free super twisting fractional order terminal sliding mode (ST-FOTSMC) strategy for both side rotor converters 2 MW DFIG-WECS. Lyapunov stability theory...

In the direct torque control (DTC) of induction motor (IM) drive systems utilizing model predictive (MPTC) in inner loop and classical proportional integral (PI) outer is prone to weaknesses, such as uncertainties, external disturbances, parameter variations, nonlinear dynamics. A high-performance system for speed required guarantee a smooth robust architecture that can withstand unpredictable effects. this study, we propose an super twisting sliding mode (ISTSMC) address shortcomings PI...

The technological development of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) is emphasized on the injection power into utility grid more smoothly and robustly. Sliding mode control (SMC) has proven to be a popular solution for grid-connected WECS due its robust nature. super twisting sliding (STSMC), variant SMC, an effective approach suppress inherent chattering in SMC provide error-free control. anti-disturbance capabilities STSMC deteriorate non-linear part that based variable approaching law...

The diesel generators sets (DGs) and battery storage systems (BSS) are the essential energy sources in a modern high-rise buildings. In this paper DG, BSS Photovoltaic system (PV) has been considered to minimize grid power injection using centralized Energy Management System (EMS). Machine Learning (ML) techniques used predict performance of various regression models by comparing load curves. It includes Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Wide (WNN), Linear Regression (LR), Interaction (LR-I),...

<abstract><p>Convex and preinvex functions are two different concepts. Specifically, generalizations of convex functions. We created some intriguing examples to demonstrate how these classes differ from one another. showed that Godunova-Levin invex sets always but the converse is not true. In this note, we present a new class called $ (\mathtt{h_1}, \mathtt{h_2}) $-Godunova-Levin functions, which extensions \mathtt{h} defined by Adem Kilicman. By using notions, initially...

Conventional Passive Constrained Layer Damping (PCLD) treatments with viscoelastic cores are provided built-in sensing and actuation capabilities to actively control enhance their vibration damping characteristics. The design parameters gains of the resulting Active (ACLD) optimally selected, in this paper, for fully-treated beams using rational procedures. optimal thickness shear modulus passive visco-elastic core determined first maximize modal ratios minimize total weight treatment. ACLD...

Design of an electric machine such as the axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor (AFPMSM) requires a 3-D finite-element method (FEM) analysis. The AFPMSM with FEM model involves too much time and effort to analyze. To deal this problem, we apply surrogate assisted multi-objective optimization (SAMOO) algorithm that can realize accurate well-distributed Pareto front set few number function calls, considers various design variables in process. superior performance SAMOO is verified by...

To design electric machines, the motor performance, cost, and manufacturing have to be considered. Hence, researchers called this multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem in which goal is minimize or maximize several objective functions at same time. In order solve MOO problem, various algorithms, such as nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II particle swarm optimization, been widely used. When these algorithms are applied machine design, much time consumption inevitable due many times...

Recently, overhang structures are increasingly used for various applications requiring high torque and power densities in a limited space such as traction motors of electric vehicles servo robot arms. In the design stage, effects should be taken into account to predict performances temperature rise motor with overhang. However, little research has been conducted on thermal characteristics analysis methods surface-mounted permanent-magnet (SPM) To address this problem, electromagnetic SPM...

In mathematics, physics, and engineering, orthogonal polynomials special functions play a vital role in the development of numerical analytical approaches. This field study has received lot attention recent decades, it is gaining traction current fields, including computational fluid dynamics, probability, data assimilation, statistics, analysis, image signal processing. this paper, using q-Hermite polynomials, we define new subclass bi-univalent functions. We then obtain number important...

This paper aims to provide new versions of some known inequalities by applying Caputo fractional derivatives. Ostrowski, Hermite-Hadamard and Ostrowski-Grüss-type are given. Generalized conditions existing analysed get inequalities. Special cases discussed prove the general nature former

This paper presents a design and analysis method for novel hybrid flux permanent-magnet (PM) machine high-power density. By combining radial axial machines with integrated windings, the air-gap density is increased, an overhang structure of PM additional magnetic cores are applied to increase power For proposed motor, time-consuming 3-D finite-element (FEA) required owing its unique structure. To address this problem, correct rapid using equivalent 2-D conversion method. The accuracy...