Emulsions are metastable dispersions in which molecular transport is a major mechanism driving the system towards its state of minimal energy. Determining underlying mechanisms between droplets challenging due to complexity typical emulsion system. Here we introduce concept 'minimal emulsions', controlled emulsions produced using microfluidic tools, simplifying an down set relevant parameters. We use these unravel fundamentals small organic molecules water-in-fluorinated-oil emulsions, great...

Abstract Melting is well understood in terms of the Lindemann criterion, which essentially states that crystalline materials melt when thermal vibrations their atoms become so vigorous they shake themselves free binding forces. This picture does not necessarily have to hold for glasses, where nature solid–liquid cross-over highly debated. The criterion implies expansion coefficients crystals are inversely proportional melting temperatures. Here we find that, contrast, coefficient glasses...

Ice nucleation was investigated experimentally in water droplets with diameters between 53 and 96 micrometres. The were produced a microfluidic device which flow of methyl-cyclohexane combined at the T-junction micro-channels yielding inverse (water-in-oil) emulsions consisting small standard deviations. In cryo-microscopic experiments we confirmed that upon cooling such emulsion samples ice individual occurred independently each other as required for investigation stochastic process. then...

The noncrystalline glassy state of matter plays a role in virtually all fields materials science and offers complementary properties to those the crystalline counterpart. caveat is that it out equilibrium therefore exhibits physical aging, i.e., material change over time. For half century, aging glasses has been known be described well by material-time concept, although existence time never directly validated. We do this here successfully predicting molecular glass 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one...

In the past two decades, numerous relaxation or physical aging experiments of metallic glasses have revealed signatures intermittent atomic-scale processes. Revealed via intensity cross-correlations from coherent scattering using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS), observed abrupt changes in time-domain atomic motion does not fit picture gradual slowing down times and their origin continues to remain unclear. Using a binary Lennard-Jones model glass subjected microsecond-long...

Droplet-based microfluidics appears as a key emerging technology for the miniaturization and automation of biochemical assays. In terms technology, it stands on two basic pillars: microfluidic devices one hand emulsions other hand. Huge progress has been made large scale integration batch production devices. The limiting factor full application is actually not device development, but rather robust control emulsion formulations to be used in these We here review problems related relevant...

Significance Surfactant adsorption to interfaces is a dynamic process of relevance for foaming, emulsification, and detergency. Although the has been described centuries now, rational measurement desorption constants, as well modeling binding mechanism, still subject many assumptions. The prevalence transport through bulk in classic measurements limits reliability analysis. Microfluidics provides means achieve small sizes significant droplet velocity alleviate limiting step surfactant...

Filigree structures can be manufactured via two-photon polymerization (2PP) operating in the regime of nonlinear light absorption. For first time, it is possible to apply this technique powder processing ceramic with a feature size range critical defect sizes responsible for brittle fracture and, thus, affecting toughness high-performance ceramics. In way, tailoring advanced properties achieved already shaping process. Traditionally, 2PP relies on transparent polymerizable resins, which are...

Abstract Glassy solids evolve towards lower-energy structural states by physical aging. This can be characterized relaxation times, the assessment of which is essential for understanding glass’ time-dependent property changes. Conducted over short a continuous increase times with time seen, suggesting dissipative transport mechanism. By focusing on micro-structural rearrangements at atomic-scale, we demonstrate emergence sub-diffusive anomalous and therefore temporal fractional diffusion in...

Metallic glasses (MGs) are known to be structurally heterogeneous at the nanometer (nm) scale. In addition, elastic property mapping has indicated presence of least an order-of-magnitude larger length scales, which origin continues remain unknown. Here we demonstrate existence decorrelation order 100 nm in a Zr-based bulk MG using spatially resolved via nanoindentation. Since compositional modulations, sufficiently large account for this microstructure, were not by analytical...

The dielectric relaxation of several different plastic crystals has been examined at high amplitudes the ac electric fields, with aim exploring possible differences respect to supercooled liquids. In all cases, steady state field loss spectrum appears be widened, compared its low limit counterpart, whereas peak position and amplitude remain almost unchanged. This induced change in profile is explained on basis two distinct effects: an increased time due reduced configurational entropy fields...

Observing frequency invariant aging dynamics suggests that the homogeneous process of rate exchange rather than heterogeneous relaxation governs structural recovery.

The coupling behavior of time scales structural relaxation is investigated on the basis five different response functions for 1,2,6-hexanetriol, a hydrogen-bonded liquid with minor secondary contribution, and 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-tetracosane (squalane), van der Waals bonded prominent process. Time are derived as inverse peak frequencies each function. For time-scale indices temperature-independent, while decoupling observed squalane in accordance literature. An alternative evaluation...

This work reports results gained from dielectric spectroscopy on the organic molecular glass-former 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), which was deposited onto an interdigitated electrode device by physical vapor deposition. By a suitable selection of preparation parameters (deposition temperature, deposition rate, and annealing conditions), various states MTHF could be created: ultrastable glass, liquid state with unusual properties, or ordinary as obtained supercooling. Observations kinetic...

Amorphous media at finite temperatures, be them liquids, colloids, or glasses, are made of interacting particles that move chaotically due to thermal energy, continuously colliding and scattering off each other. When the average configuration in these systems relaxes only long times, one can introduce effective interactions keep mean positions mechanical equilibrium. We a framework determine force laws define an Hessian employed discuss stability properties density states amorphous system....

Depositing a simple organic molecular glass-former 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) onto an interdigitated electrode device via physical vapor deposition gives rise to unexpected variety of states, as revealed by dielectric spectroscopy. Different preparation parameters, such temperature, rate, and annealing conditions, lead, on the one hand, ultrastable glass and, other continuum newfound further states. Deposition below transition temperature MTHF leads loss profiles with shape parameters...

Abstract Two‐photon polymerization (2PP) additive manufacturing (AM) utilizes feedstocks of ceramic nanoparticles a few nanometers in diameter, enabling the fabrication highly accurate technical design with structural details as small 500 nm. The performance these materials is expected to differ from conventional AM ceramics, and three‐dimensional printing at high resolution introduce new microstructural aspects. This study applies 2PP‐AM yttria‐stabilized zirconia investigate mechanical...

Dielectric susceptibility data of vapor-deposited films iso-propylbenzene (IPB) and n-propylbenzene (NPB) have been recorded across a wide range deposition temperatures, Tdep, mostly below the glass transition temperature, Tg. The results for real imaginary components dielectric are compared with recently published 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF). Common to all three systems following: (i) increased kinetic stability seen as higher onset temperature transformation liquid state Tdep ≈ 0.85Tg;...