Genomes reveal nutrient stress patterns Within the surface ocean, nitrogen, iron, and phosphorous can all be limiting nutrients for phytoplankton depending on location. Ustick et al. used prevalence of Prochlorococcus genes involved in acquisition to develop maps inferred across global ocean (see Perspective by Coleman). They found broad limitation consistent with an Earth system model addition experiments. Leveraging metagenomic data this manner is appealing approach that will help expand...

Abstract Oceanic nutrient cycles are coupled, yet carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry in marine ecosystems is variable through space and time, with no clear consensus on the controls variability. Here, we analyze hydrographic, plankton genomic diversity, particulate organic matter data from 1970 stations sampled during a global ocean observation program (Bio-GO-SHIP) to investigate biogeography of surface stoichiometry. We find latitudinal variability C:N:P stoichiometry,...

Linking ‘omics measurements with biogeochemical cycles is a widespread challenge in microbial community ecology. Here, we propose applying genomic adaptation as ‘biosensors’ for investments to overcome nutrient stress. We then integrate this information trait-based model predict regional shifts the elemental composition of marine plankton communities. evaluated approach using metagenomic and particulate organic matter samples from Atlantic, Indian Pacific Oceans. find that our genome-based...

Detailed descriptions of microbial communities have lagged far behind physical and chemical measurements in the marine environment. Here, we present 971 globally distributed surface ocean metagenomes collected at high spatio-temporal resolution. Our low-cost metagenomic sequencing protocol produced 3.65 terabases data, where median number base pairs per sample was 3.41 billion. The distance between sampling stations 26 km. libraries described here were as a part biological initiative for...

ABSTRACT An oil spill began in October 2021 off the coast of Orange County, California, releasing 24,696 gallons crude into coastal environments. Although spills, such as this one, are recurrent accidents along California coast, no prior studies have been performed to examine severity local bacterial response. A 10-year time series short-read metagenomes located within impacted area allowed us quantify magnitude and duration disturbance relative natural fluctuations. We found that largest...

Abstract Seasonal and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warming result in similar ocean changes as predicted with climate change. Climate-driven environmental cycles have strong impacts on microbiome diversity, but function are poorly understood. Here we quantify microbial genomic diversity functioning over 11 years covering seasonal ENSO at a coastal site the southern California Current. We observe oscillations between large-genome lineages during cold, nutrient rich conditions winter...

Abstract While the majority of studies use environment to describe microbial populations, high diversity microbes can conversely be used as a resource understand subtle environmental variability. Here, we high‐resolution spatial and temporal analysis Prochlorococcus sp. in Eastern Indian Ocean determine whether ecotypes microdiverse taxa identify fine‐scale biogeochemical regimes this under‐studied region. A total 246 DNA samples were collected every 4–6 h April 2016 on GO‐SHIP cruise I09N,...

Significance The loss of ocean oxygen caused by climate warming is a serious environmental issue and could lead to major declines in animal habitats. However, current Earth system models struggle explaining observed trends global oxygen. Using model, we demonstrate that marine concentrations depend sensitively on rarely considered quantity known as the respiration quotient prescribe consumed per mole organic carbon respired. combination direct chemical measurements across biomes eastern...

Prochlorococcus is the most numerically abundant photosynthetic organism in surface ocean. The high-light and warm-water adapted ecotype (HLII) comprised of extensive microdiversity, but specific functional differences between microdiverse sub-clades remain elusive. Here we characterized both phylogenetic diversity within HLII using Bio-GO-SHIP metagenomes. We found widespread variation gene frequency connected to local environmental conditions. Metagenome-assembled marker genes genomes...

Abstract A past global synthesis of marine particulate organic matter (POM) suggested latitudinal variation in the ratio surface carbon (C): nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P). However, this relied on compiled datasets that may have biased observed pattern. To demonstrate shifts C:N:P, we combined hydrographic and POM observations from 28°N to 69°S eastern Pacific Ocean (GO‐SHIP line P18). Both concentrations ratios displayed distinct biome‐associated changes. Surface were relatively low North...

Abstract Concentrations and elemental stoichiometry of suspended particulate organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen demand for respiration (C:N:P:−O 2 ) play a vital role in characterizing quantifying marine cycles. Here, we present Version the Global Ocean Particulate Organic Phosphorus, Carbon, Oxygen Respiration, Nitrogen (GO-POPCORN) dataset. 1 is previously published dataset matter from 70 different studies between 1971 2010, while comprised data collected recent cruises 2011...

Abstract A key uncertainty for predicting future ocean oxygen levels is the response and feedback of organic matter respiration demand. One poorly constrained component demand oxygen‐to‐carbon remineralization ratio—the quotient. Currently, multiple biological hypotheses can explain variation in quotient produced surface ocean. To test these hypotheses, we directly quantified particulate 715 samples along a meridional section Atlantic Ocean compared to previous Pacific observations. We...

Abstract Establishing links between microbial diversity and environmental processes requires resolving the high degree of functional variation among closely related lineages or ecotypes. Here, we implement validate an improved metagenomic approach that estimates spatial biogeography regulation ecotype-specific replication patterns (RObs) across ocean regions. A total 719 metagenomes were analyzed from meridional Bio-GO-SHIP sections in Atlantic Indian Ocean. Accounting for sequencing bias...

In the open ocean genetically diverse clades of unicellular cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus are biogeographically structured along environmental gradients, yet little is known about their in situ activity. To address this gap, here we use numerically dominant clade eHL-II (eMIT9312) as a model organism to develop and apply method examine activity using rRNA content cell size metrics cellular physiology. For two representative isolates (MIT9312 MIT9215) cell(-1) increases linearly with specific...

Abstract Environmentally driven variability in the elemental stoichiometry of ocean plankton plays a key role biogeochemical processes. Recent studies have identified clear regional C:N:P, but less is known about environmental regulation diel stoichiometry. Here, we quantified amplitude C:N surface particles (<30 μm, amp ) across large latitudinal gradients Indian and Atlantic Oceans. We commonly observed oscillations biome‐specific . Temperature emerged as strongest predictor , relative...

The North Pacific Ocean (between approximately 0°N and 50°N) contains the largest continuous ecosystem on Earth. This region plays a vital role in cycling of globally important nutrients as well carbon. Although microbial communities this have been assessed, dynamics viruses (abundances production rates) remains understudied. To address gap, scientific cruises during winter summer seasons (2013) covered basin to determine factors that may drive virus abundances rates. Along with information...

Abstract The coupling between oceanic carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus (CNP) cycles is a fundamental component of ocean ecosystems. It now widely recognized that CNP stoichiometry marine ecosystems variable through space and time. However, several competing hypotheses have been proposed invoking unique biochemical mechanism associated environmental drivers to describe the observed patterns. We here quantified detailed hydrography, plankton genomic diversity, particulate organic matter understand...

In the California Current Ecosystem, El Niño acts as a natural phenomenon that is partially representative of climate change impacts on marine bacteria at timescales relevant to microbial communities. Between 2014–2016, North Pacific warm anomaly (a.k.a., "blob") and an event resulted in prolonged ocean warming Southern Bight (SCB). To determine whether this "marine heatwave" shifts populations, we sequenced rpoC1 gene from biogeochemically important picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus...

<title>Abstract</title> Seasonal and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warming result in similar ocean changes as predicted with climate change. Climate-driven environmental cycles have strong impacts on microbiome diversity, but function are poorly understood. We quantified microbial genomic diversity functioning over 11 years covering seasonal ENSO at a coastal site the southern California Current. observed oscillations between large genome lineages during cold, nutrient rich conditions...

Abstract Detailed descriptions of microbial communities have lagged far behind physical and chemical measurements in the marine environment. Here, we present 720 globally distributed surface ocean metagenomes collected at high spatio-temporal resolution. Our low-cost metagenomic sequencing protocol produced 2.75 terabases data, where median number base pairs per sample was 3.48 billion. The distance between sampling stations 26 km. libraries described here were as a part biological...

Abstract Cyanobacterial diazotrophs, specifically the genera Trichodesmium and UCYN-A, play a pivotal role in marine nitrogen cycling through their capacity for fixation. Despite global distribution, microdiversity environmental drivers of these diazotrophs remain underexplored. This study provides comprehensive analysis diversity distribution UCYN-A using nitrogenase gene ( nifH ) as genetic marker. We sequenced 954 samples from Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Oceans part Bio-GO-SHIP project. Our...