The first-, second-, and third-order temperature coefficients of the elastic stiffnesses compliances alpha-quartz have been derived from thickness mode resonances double-rotated quartz plates employing Christoffel's theory wave propagation. dependence all possible modes can be calculated values their as during this investigation. A curve showing locus first-order zero coefficient frequency thickness-shear has compared with experiments. second- cuts are given. Applications to AT, BT, CT, DT...

Piezoelectric materials for acoustic wave applications have changed markedly over the past 20 years in terms of both types available and quality individual samples. The total family now includes piezoelectric glass-ceramics having crystallographic polar orientation crystals symmetry classes mm2, 32, 3m, 4mm, 6mm, 4/spl macr/3m. 6mm macr/3m also occur frequently semiconductor that are bulk thin-film configurations. In this paper, we bring together extract various reported values material...

This paper surveys applications of acoustic waves in microwave devices. After a general and historical introduction to bulk (BAWs), surface (SAWs), practical wave types, acoustoelectric transducers, review is given technologically important materials for applications. Following this, we discuss BAW SAW devices their technologies. Specifically reviewed are thin-film resonators filters, transversal filters correlative analog signal processing. Finally, an overview the most given, along with...

The matrix that relates the harmonically varying driving parameters: a moment M at tip, force F uniformly applied body p and voltage V to their response tip rotation /spl alpha/, deflection delta/, volumetric displacement electrode charge Q, have been determined. electrical element of this is (4,4) element, which capacitance, hence we call dynamic admittance matrix. It four by symmetric having purely part, elastic part mixed (piezoelectric) part. A common factor in nearly all elements...

A history of equivalent circuit modeling acoustic structures is presented. This followed by a tutorial development their use to represent piezoelectric (PE) and piezomagnetic (PM) plate transducers bimorph cantilever beams for the purpose facilitating transition modern micro/nanotechnology creations practical sensor, actuator, transducer applications. Circuit approximations various types are derived from more general networks.

A tutorial synopsis of the piezoelectric effect is presented in context its history, traditional uses, and relation to crystal symmetry. Associated effects are briefly noted. Future prospects, particularly area microelectromechanical systems/structures (MEMS) discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Electron--acoustic-phonon scattering in a rectangular quantum wire is studied. The Hamiltonian describing the deformation-potential interaction of confined acoustic phonons with carriers derived by quantizing appropriate, experimentally verified approximate compressional acoustic-phonon modes free-standing wire. rate due to obtained for GaAs wires range cross-sectional dimensions. results demonstrate that proper treatment may be essential correctly model electron rates at low energies...

In order to compare piezoelectric materials and devices, an intrinsic parameter, the motional time constant tau(1)/sup (m/)=(omega/sub m/Q/sub m/)(-1) for a particular mode m is employed. The use of (m/) follows from accommodation acoustic loss in elastic compliance/stiffness establishment material coefficients that are elements viscosity matrices. Alternative fully equivalent definitions tau(1) given based on RC derived circuit representation crystal resonator, attenuation, logarithmic...

It is known that the propagation characteristics of elastic waves are influenced by nature biasing stress distributions in propagating medium. A knowledge magnitude such effects plays an important role improving performance and long term aging surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. Generally, SAW devices employ thin platelike structures as medium waves. The deformation due to externally applied forces can be decomposed into extensional flexural deformations which have substantially different...

Precision frequency control requirements for digital communication and position location systems currently undergoing development make it imperative that crystal resonator performance be improved in a number of aspects. Accordingly, the potential doubly rotated quartz cuts has begun to explored (EerNisse, 1975, 1976; Ballato Iafrate, 1976). For on upper zero temperature coefficient locus general (theta approximately equal +34/sup 0/), neighborhood SC-cut particular (phi 21.9/sup 0/, theta...

The piezoelectric performance of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is shown to double through the controlled incorporation carbon nanomaterial. Specifically, PVDF composites containing fullerenes (C60) and single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) are fabricated over a range compositions optimized for their Young's modulus, dielectric constant, d31 coefficient. Thermally stimulated current measurements show large increase in internal charge polarization pure PVDF. electromechanical coupling coefficients...

Acoustic phonon modes in isotropic cubic media are derived for a number of quantum-wire and quantum-dot geometries significant interest nanoelectronics optoelectronics. In each case, the mode amplitude is determined by requiring that energy be given properly quantized phonon. For case cylindrical quantum wires dots with rectangular faces, Hamiltonians deformation potential interactions derived. These acoustic associated provide basis modeling carrier-acoustic-phonon variety mesoscopic...

Piezoelectricity was discovered by the brothers Curie in 1880. What started out as a scientific curiosity has grown to have very significant commercial importance. We sketch here some of milestones its history, hit phenomenology, and conclude with present applications prospects for future.

The effective frequency-temperature (F-T) curve of a crystal resonator operated with series load capacitance differs from that the alone. Since principal method compensating for F-T behavior in temperature compensated oscillator (TCXO) employs varactors and sensitive compensation network, it is major importance to be able understand deal this effect design TCXOs. necessary formulas discussion are given work.

The three-dimensional (3-D) equations of linear piezoelectricity with quasi-electrostatic approximation are extended to include losses attributed the acoustic viscosity and electrical conductivity. These used investigate effects dissipation on propagation plane waves in an infinite solid forced thickness vibrations piezoelectric plate general symmetry. For a harmonic wave propagating arbitrary direction unbounded solid, complex eigenvalue problem is solved from which effective elastic...

A class of novel frequency-selective devices, called stacked-crystal filters, is discussed in terms a microwave network approach that leads to systematic procedure for their analysis and design. These devices consist two or more crystal plates are stacked together, with thin electrodes being provided between some all the adjacent interfaces purpose translating mechanical properties into electrical signals via piezoelectric coupling. In such configuration, electromechanical coupling occurs at...