The retina contains ganglion cells (RGCs) that respond selectively to objects moving in particular directions. Individual members of a group ON-OFF direction-selective RGCs (ooDSGCs) detect stimuli one four directions: ventral, dorsal, nasal, or temporal. Despite this physiological diversity, little is known about subtype-specific differences structure, molecular identity, and projections. To seek such differences, we characterized mouse transgenic lines mark ooDSGCs preferring ventral nasal...

The retina reports the visual scene to brain through many parallel channels, each carried by a distinct population of retinal ganglion cells. Among these, with smallest and densest receptive fields encodes neural image highest resolution. In human retina, those cat macaque, these high-resolution cells act as generic pixel encoders: They serve represent different inputs convey downstream for further processing. Here we identify analyze in mouse using transgenic line which cells, called “W3”,...

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which transfer information from the eye to brain, are heterogeneous in structure and function, but developmental studies have generally treated them as a single group. Here, we investigate development of RGC axonal dendritic arbors using four mouse transgenic lines nonoverlapping subsets RGCs indelibly labeled with fluorescent protein. Each subset has distinct functional signature, size, morphology. Dendrites each restricted specific sublaminae within inner...

Plants have diversified their leaf morphologies to adapt diverse ecological niches. The molecular components responsible for regulating morphology, however, not been fully elucidated. By screening Arabidopsis activation-tagging lines, we identified a dominant mutant, which designated longifolia1-1D (lng1-1D). lng1-1D plants were characterized by long petioles, narrow but extremely blades with serrated margins, elongated floral organs, and siliques. leaves of the mutant due increased polar...

Direction selectivity represents a fundamental visual computation. In mammalian retina, On-Off direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) respond strongly to motion in preferred direction and weakly the opposite, null direction. Electrical recordings suggested three (DS) synaptic mechanisms: DS GABA release during null-direction from starburst amacrine (SACs) acetylcholine glutamate SACs bipolar cells. However, evidence for has been inconsistent at least one cell type that contacts another...

A novel disposable all-printed electronic biosensor is proposed for a fast detection and classification of bacteria. This applied to classify three types popular pathogens: Salmonella typhimurium, the Escherichia coli strains JM109 DH5-α. The sensor consists inter-digital silver electrodes fabricated through an inkjet material printer nanowires uniformly decorated on electrohydrodynamic technique polyamide based polyethylene terephthalate substrate. best sensitivity achieved at 200 µm teeth...

Citrus fruits are rich sources of different phytochemicals for human health due to their high anti-oxidant capacity. However, the anti-aging effect citrus has not been well understood. In this study, methanol extracts taken at various developmental stages from tissues unshiu was used investigate its by an elastase/collagenase inhibition assay, and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis carried out identify potential compositions. The inhibitory activity greatest in flesh...

Kim, I.-J., Lee, J., Han, J.-A., C.-S. and Hur, Y. 2011. Citrus Lea promoter confers fruit-preferential stress-inducible gene expression in Arabidopsis. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 459-466. A genomic clone encoding a group 5 late embryogenesis abundant protein (Lea5) was isolated from unshiu. Approximately 600 bp region upstream of the CuLea5 with putative cis-elements fused to s-glucuronidase (GUS) pBI121. The LeaP600::GUS construct then introduced Arabidopsis by Agrobacterium-mediated...

Commercial lithium-ion batteries are vulnerable to fire accidents, mainly due volatile and flammable liquid electrolytes. Although solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) considered promising alternatives with antiflammability processability for roll-to-roll mass production, several requirements have not yet been fulfilled a viable lithium battery. Such include ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, interfacial resistance. In this work, the conductivity of SPEs is optimized by controlling...

'Miyagawa-wase' mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa-wase early) is one of the most widely cultivated citrus varieties on Jeju Island in Korea. Mutation breeding a useful tool for induction genetic diversity rapid creation new plant variants. We previously reported use gamma irradiation development varieties. Here, we report mutant, Ara-unshiu, with unique late fruit ripening phenotype. investigated morphological characteristics including weight, vertical/transverse diameter, peel...

This study conducts a rigorous comparative analysis between two cutting-edge instance segmentation methods, Mask R-CNN and YOLOv8, focusing on stomata pore analysis. A novel dataset specifically tailored for segmentation, named PhenomicsStomata, was introduced. posed challenges such as low resolution image imperfections, prompting the application of advanced preprocessing techniques, including enhancement using Lucy-Richardson Algorithm. The models underwent comprehensive evaluation,...

본 연구에서는 국내에서 재배중인 대표적인 두과작물(대두, 완두, 강낭콩, 팥, 녹두, 동부)종자로부터 전세포추출물의 FT-IR 스펙트럼 데이터로부터 다변량통계분석(PCA, PLS-DA, HCA)을 이용하여 신속하고 간편한 종 구분체계를 확립하였다. 대사체수준에서 동부는 유연관계가 높음을 알 수 있었으며 대두, 강낭콩은 비록 두과작물이지만 차이가 매우 큼을 있었다. 아울러 연구에서 얻어진 대사체 정보의 다변량통계분석에 의한 유연관계분석은 흥미롭게도 두과작물의 계통분류학적 유연관계와 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 데이터의 다변량통계분석은 방법의 간편성과 신속성을 고려할 때 계통이나 품종의 신속한 식별 수단으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 또한 기능성 성분 함량 정보가 성공적으로 연계된다면 확립된 기반 신속식별체계는 성분의 함량이 높은 조기 선발수단으로 To determine whether spectroscopy combined with multivariate...

Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa-wase) is the most widely cultivated citrus variety in Korea. Although varieties are imported from Japan, efforts have focused on developing new domestic varieties. We produced mutants by irradiating C. Miyagawa-wase scions with gamma rays and grafting them onto branches. compared characteristics of these fruit as a control. A mutant line named Jedae-unshiu unique shape was selected for investigation detail. The phenotype demonstrated...