We have developed methods for creating microscale inorganic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and assembling interconnecting them into unusual display lighting systems. The LEDs use specialized epitaxial semiconductor layers that allow delineation release of large collections ultrathin devices. Diverse shapes are possible, with dimensions from micrometers to millimeters, in either flat or "wavy" configurations. Printing-based assembly can deposit these devices on substrates glass, plastic,...

An extremely high degree of circularly polarized photoluminescence (CPPL) and electroluminescence (CPEL) (dissymmetry factor values: | g PL = 0.72 EL 1.13) are generated from twisted stacking achiral conjugated polymer induced by nonemitting chiral dopant helical twisting power for the first time. Using a theoretical analysis incorporating Stokes parameter, angle birefringence aligned polymer, linear polarization in emitted light found to make roughly equal contribution CPEL as CPPL....

CMOS inverters and three-stage ring oscillators were formed on flexible plastic substrates by transfer printing of p-type n-type single crystalline ribbons silicon. The gain the sum high low noise margins as ~150 4.5 V at supply voltages 5 V, respectively. frequencies reached 2.6 MHz 10 V. These results, obtained with devices that have relatively large critical dimensions (i.e., channel lengths in several micrometer range), taken together good mechanical bendability, suggest promise for use...

We proposed a patterned vertical alignment (PVA) mode controlled by modified surface with ultraviolet (UV) curable reactive mesogen (RM) mixed material for liquid crystal display (LCD) fast response time. In the surface-controlled PVA (SC-PVA) mode, RM monomers in layer are polymerized along LC directors UV exposure under an applied voltage. The RMs produce pretilt against substrate normal depending on field direction electrode configuration. such SC-PVA time was achieved at whole grey...

The measured<italic>g</italic>factor and the corresponding emission zone were evaluated by theoretical analysis based on Müller matrix method increasing thickness of hole transport layer (TPBi) in twisted configuration conjugate polymer (F8BT).

We propose a concept of fabricating liquid-crystal (LC) polarization beamsplitter based on binary phase gratings. The grating phenomenon in the LC layer physically originates from two different interfacial interactions at periodically alternating domain boundaries. periodic domains are produced by employing single-step photoalignment technique which precisely controls surface orientation molecules an homeotropic and hybrid aligned geometry. In this configuration, polarization-separating...

The direct emission of circularly polarized (CP) light improves the efficiency an organic light-emitting diode and characterizes secondary structure proteins. In most cases, CP is generated from a luminescent layer containing chiral characteristics, thereby generating only one kind in entire device. Here, we propose emissions using twisted achiral conjugate polymer without any dopant as emitting (EML). induced mesogenic due to its elasticity by applying different alignment directions upper...

We report a pitch invariance in cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) independent of temperature by mixing two chiral dopants. One dopant tends to shorten the helical CLC, but other makes longer, with increasing temperatures. From an analysis dependencies for each dopant, we determined ratio dopants invariance. Finally, obtained pitch-invariant CLCs and twisting power mixed was estimated.

We demonstrate a transflective liquid crystal display (LCD), doped with chiral agent to produce low helical twisting power, in multimode configuration consisting of the homogeneous alignment and hybrid alignment. The LCD was fabricated by single-step exposure UV light through an array metal reflectors used as amplitude photomask which gives alternating homeotropic LC geometry. This produces no cell gap variations. In our configuration, electro-optical disparity between transmissive region...

We report on a polarization-insensitive liquid crystal (LC) Fresnel lens with the centrosymmetry of dynamic focusing in an orthogonally alternating hybrid configuration. The having such successive orthogonal alignment two adjacent zones was fabricated using single-masking process through two-step exposure linearly polarized ultraviolet light. It found that property LC is electrically controllable and entirely centrosymmetrical irrespective polarization state incident

We propose a polarizer-free liquid crystal display (LCD) with an electrically switchable microlens array. The incident lights are controlled to focused or defocused states by index matching of the lens polymer and LC layer. By adopting two light-blocking masks that have circular stop pattern complementary open pattern, LCD was able realize entire gray scale. Additionally, achieve fast response time characteristics, we introduce polymerized RMs within alignment layers.

We report on a high-speed flexible display based deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (DHFLC) in vertically aligned configuration. The mechanical stability of the DHFLC was achieved using periodic array columnar spacers formed directly top side in-plane electrodes by photolithography technique. Several unique features performances such as flexibility, uniform alignment, fast response, and gray scale capability were obtained. switching time found to be few hundred microseconds.

We proposed a fast liquid crystal display (LCD) in vertical alignment (VA) mode with continuous multi-domains for wide-viewing characteristics. The VA LCD was fabricated by the mixed layer UV curable reactive mesogen (RM) polymer memorizing switching directions of LC molecules. and response characteristics were obtained axially symmetric memorization them without any specific electrode patterns or surface structures.

We propose a method for enhancing the surface anchoring energy in photo-alignment (PA) through two-step ultraviolet (UV) exposure process using reactive mesogens (RM) fast response time characteristics of liquid crystal displays. establish azimuthal alignment direction first linearly polarized UV process, as conventional PA does. then achieve stable and strong energies our second unpolarized which polymerizes RM monomers within vertical layer. As result, are remarkably improved, thermal...

We report the effects of annealing on performance hybrid photovoltaic (PV) cells containing poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) coated onto TiO2/Sn doped In2O3 (ITO) and ITO substrates. In optimized device, which exhibits a higher efficiency, backbone axes P3HT chains were found to lie within substrate plane, their conjugated planes are slightly tilted, side substantially tilted. The carboxylate group is attached via bidentate or bridging coordination TiO2 surface enables photoinduced charge...

We investigated the linearly polarized emission of uniformly aligned poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(benzo[2,1,3]thia-diazol-4,8-diyl) (F8BT) with a liquid crystalline phase on rubbed alignment layer. The polarization ratio, defined by ratio luminous intensities parallel and perpendicular to direction, gradually decreased increasing thickness F8BT film. In photoluminescence (PL) process, light is emitted throughout whole film, while in electroluminescence (EL) at certain region...

We demonstrate a polarization-invariant liquid-crystal (LC) grating in an oppositely twisted and mutually orthogonal configuration. The LC with high diffraction efficiency is fabricated using single-masking process two-step exposure of linearly polarized ultraviolet light. It found that the zeroth- first-order diffracted beams are perpendicular to each other irrespective incident polarization for phase retardation m pi (m=integer).

We propose a reflective three-dimensional (3D) display using cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) with an inner patterned retarder producing half-wave retardation. The retarder, fabricated by selective ultra-violet exposure to the aligned reactive mesogen, divides circularly polarized light reflected from ChLC layer into two orthogonal circular polarizations. These polarizations construct stereoscopic 3D images without any optical components such as polarizer and backlight unit.

We fabricated polarization-dependent and polarization-independent microlens arrays (MLA) through the electrohydrodynamic instability of optically anisotropic organic layer. The flow induced by layer leads to making lens profile on patterned electrode. can easily control polarization dependence MLA controlling surface alignment properties, even with This method is a straightforward, fast, reliable process for fabrication since it does not require cumbersome developing molding processes.

We report the response time of fringe-field switching (FFS) liquid crystal (LC) mode devices using an ultraviolet-curable reactive mesogen (RM) mixed in a planar alignment layer. The RM polymers within layer increase surface azimuthal anchoring energy and order parameter LC molecules. As result, falling rising FFS are improved by enhanced increased dielectric torque induced higher LCs.

We demonstrated a highly polarized organic light-emitting diode (OLED) through the enhancement of orientational ordering emitting polymer with nematic liquid crystalline (LC) phase. The ordered state conjugate was obtained by thermal annealing at temperature and strong azimuthal anchoring energy underlying polyimide. order parameter analyzed using second-harmonic generation model dichroic ratio measured to be 22 : 1. Also, we applied our optimized OLED high optical polarizability an...

We propose a single mode transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) which is operated as the transmissive and reflective modes in pixel without dividing into sub-pixels. The LCD was composed of cross-polarized nematic light modulator broadband cholesteric film (BCLCF) half mirror. BCLCF, simply prepared by exposure ultraviolet to mixture LC reactive mesogen with chirality, selectively reflects certain circular polarization but transmits orthogonal entire visible light. electro-optical...

We studied the effects of polymer chain ordering in alignment layer and resulting molecular interactions on surface anchoring energy by introducing a reactive mesogen (RM) coating to layer. Directionally polymerized RMs rubbed decrease steric repulsion increase electronic interaction with liquid crystal molecules, and, as result, is enhanced both out-of plane in-plane directions. also demonstrated that this can be used improve response time characteristics displays.

We investigated the effects of pretilt angle and anchoring energy on formation a uniformly lying helix (ULH) texture cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs). Pretilt was controlled by thickness vertical alignment layer coated onto planar layer. In given angle, enhanced introducing reactive mesogen to material. To characterise quantitatively ULH we introduced reflectance, governed areas region planar-aligned CLC region. found that more widely formed under condition higher weaker energy. Also,...