A5045031111- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Cancer Research and Treatments
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- CAR-T cell therapy research
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Marine animal studies overview
- Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Rapt Therapeutics (United States)
2023
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2011-2020
Communities In Schools of Orange County
2014-2019
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies
2016
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
2016
Brookhaven National Laboratory
2011-2013
Ministry of Health
2008
Morehead State University
2000
University of California, Davis
1998
U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine
1979
Isoprene is a substantial contributor to the global secondary organic aerosol (SOA) burden, with implications for public health and climate system. The mechanism by which isoprene-derived SOA formed influence of environmental conditions, however, remain unclear. We present evidence from controlled smog chamber experiments field measurements that in presence high levels nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + 2 ) typical urban atmospheres, 2-methyloxirane-2-carboxylic acid (methacrylic epoxide, MAE)...
(2000). Digital Mcluhan: A Guide to the Information Millennium: American Journalism: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 121-124.
BackgroundExposure to formaldehyde, a known air toxic, is associated with cancer and lung disease. Despite the adverse health effects of mechanisms underlying formaldehyde-induced disease remain largely unknown. Research has uncovered microRNAs (miRNAs) as key posttranscriptional regulators gene expression that may influence cellular state. Although studies have compared different miRNA patterns between diseased healthy tissue, this first study examine perturbations in global levels...
Conventional in vitro exposure methods for cultured human lung cells rely on prior suspension of particles a liquid medium; these have limitations intensity and may modify the particle composition. Here electrostatic precipitation was used as an effective method such exposures. An obsolete aerosol sampler modified to provide viable environment within deposition field grown membranous support. Particle particle-induced toxicological effects variety including standardized polystyrene latex...
Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene in the presence acidic sulfate aerosol leads to secondary organic (SOA) that substantially contributes mass outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The potential adverse health effects resulting from exposure this PM type are largely unknown. Isoprene-derived epoxides, epoxydiols (IEPOX) and methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE), have recently been identified as key gaseous intermediates leading SOA formation through acid-catalyzed multiphase chemistry. Altered...
Dampness affects a substantial percentage of homes and is associated with increased risk respiratory ailments; yet, the effects dampness on indoor chemistry are largely unknown. We hypothesize that presence water-soluble gases their aqueous processing alters chemical composition air thereby inhalation dermal exposures in damp homes. Herein, we use existing literature new measurements to examine plausibility this hypothesis, summarize evidence, identify key knowledge gaps. While volatile...
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from the photochemical oxidation of isoprene contributes a substantial mass fraction to atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM
We investigated the gas-phase chemical composition of biomass burning (BB) emissions and their role in aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation through photochemical cloud processing. A high-resolution time-of-flight ionization mass spectrometer using iodide reagent ion chemistry detected more than 100 compounds from 30 different controlled burns during 2016 Fire Influence on Regional Global Environments Experiment (FIREX) at Science Laboratory. Compounds likely to partition...
One of the most widely used in vitro particulate matter (PM) exposures methods is collection PM on filters, followed by resuspension a liquid medium, with subsequent addition onto cell culture. To avoid disruption equilibria between gases and PM, we have developed direct sampling exposure method (DSEM) capable PM-only exposures. We hypothesize that separation phases post-treatment filter-collected significantly modifies toxicity compared to deposition, resulting distorted view potential...
Context: EpiAirwayTM 3-D constructs are human-derived cell cultures of differentiated airway epithelial cells that may represent a more biologically relevant model the human lung. However, limited information is available on their utility for exposures to air pollutants at air-liquid interface (ALI).Objective: To assess biological responses in comparison A549 alveolar after exposure ALI.Methods: Cells were exposed filtered air, 400 ppb ozone (O3) or photochemically aged Synthetic Urban...
Because of potential exposure both in the workplace and from ambient air, known carcinogen 1,3-butadiene (BD) is considered a priority hazardous air pollutant. BD its 2-methyl analog, isoprene (ISO), are chemically similar but have very different toxicities, with ISO showing no significant carcinogenesis. Once released into atmosphere, reactions species induced by sunlight nitrogen oxides convert several photochemical reaction products. In this study, we determined relative toxicity...
Complex urban air mixtures that realistically mimic smog can be generated for investigating adverse health effects. "Smog chambers" have been used over 30 yr to conduct experiments developing and testing photochemical models predict ambient ozone (O3) concentrations aerosol chemistry. These chambers were generate nonirradiated systems, which interfaced with an in vitro exposure system compare the inflammatory effects of complex pollutant without sunlight-driven are preliminary a new project...
Abstract. This is the first of a three-part study designed to demonstrate dynamic entanglements among gaseous organic compounds (VOC), particulate matter (PM), and their subsequent potential biological effects. We these in increasingly complex VOC PM mixtures urban-like conditions large outdoor chamber. To traditional chemical physical characterizations gas PM, we added new measurements effects, using cultured human lung cells as model indicators. These effects are assessed here increases...
1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a common environmental contaminant classified as "carcinogenic to humans." Formation of BD-induced DNA adducts plays major role in its carcinogenicity. BD also an epigenotoxic agent (i.e., it affects and histone methylation the liver). We used panel genetically diverse inbred mice (NOD/LtJ, CAST/EiJ, A/J, WSB/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvImJ) assess whether genotoxic events may be subject interstrain differences. Mice (male, 7 weeks) were exposed via inhalation 0 or...
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a glycophosphatidylinositol-linked tumor antigen overexpressed in variety of malignancies, including ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and triple-negative breast cancer. Early signs clinical efficacy with MSLN-targeting agents have validated MSLN as promising target for therapeutic intervention, but therapies improved are still needed to address the significant unmet medical need posed by MSLN-expressing cancers.We designed HPN536, 53-kDa, trispecific, T-cell-activating...
1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a high-volume industrial chemical and known human carcinogen. The main mode of BD carcinogenicity thought to involve formation genotoxic epoxides.In this study we tested the hypothesis that may be epigenotoxic (i.e., cause changes in DNA histone methylation) explored possible molecular mechanisms for epigenetic changes.We administered (6.25 625 ppm) C57BL/6J male mice by inhalation 2 weeks (6 hr/day, 5 days week) then examined liver tissue from these signs toxicity...
Composition of isoprene-derived SOA affects its ability to alter oxidative stress-related gene expression.
Abstract T cells have a unique capability to eliminate cancer and fight malignancies. Cancer adopted multiple immune evasion mechanisms aimed at inhibiting cells. Dramatically improved patient outcomes been achieved with therapies genetically reprogramming cells, blocking T-cell inhibition by or transiently connecting for redirected lysis. This last modality is based on antibody constructs that bind surface antigen an invariant component of the receptor. Although high response rates were...
To better understand fates of aromatics hydrocarbon species in the atmosphere, we have investigated transformation chemistry butenedial (CHOCHCHCHO), 4-oxo-2-pentenal (CH3COCHCHCHO), and 3-hexene-2, 5-dione (CH3COCHCHCOCH3). These 1,4-unsaturated dicarbonyls are known to be products aromatic photochemical oxidation. Both hydroxyl radical (OH) ozone (O3) initiated smog chamber experiments under atmospheric conditions were conducted University North Carolina outdoor chamber. Carbonyl...