1. Group III and IV muscle afferents have been shown to be sensitive both mechanical stimuli metabolic thermal changes in muscle. To establish the potential role of slowly conducting regulating motor output during fatigue, we recorded from mechanically group nonspindle II originating triceps surae barbiturate-anesthetized cats. We evaluated response these tetanic contraction, stretch, surface pressure, before, during, after fatigue. 2. Our results show that fatigue increases spontaneous...

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption prior suicide and act of suicide. DESIGN--This a retrospective total ascertainment survey three year cohort suicides in Western Australia. SETTING--Coroner9s records Australia 1986 1988 inclusive. PARTICIPANTS--The study involved 515 consecutive suicides: 414 males 101 females. MAIN RESULTS--Information on blood levels at time death, presence other drugs drug abuse history, psychiatric life events death...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression increases in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) response to hypertensive stimuli including stress and hyperosmolarity. However, it is unclear whether BDNF PVN contributes blood pressure (BP). We tested hypothesis that increased levels within would elevate baseline BP heart rate (HR) cardiovascular responses by altering central angiotensin signaling. was recorded using radiotelemetry male Sprague-Dawley rats after bilateral...

The neural substrates mediating autonomic components of the behavioral defense response reside in periaqueductal gray (PAG). cardiovascular evoked from dorsal PAG (DPAG) have been well described and are dependent, part, on integrity neurons region parabrachial nucleus as rostral ventrolateral medulla. Descending pathways ventilatory associated with activation DPAG unknown. present study was undertaken to test hypothesis that area also involved respiratory stimulation. In...

1. The goal of this study was to determine the contribution muscular free nerve endings clasp-knife reflex by comparing their response properties and actions reflex. 2. responses single muscle afferents were examined in anesthetized cats using stretch isometric contraction ankle extensor muscles identical those that evoked inhibition decerebrated dorsal spinal-hemisectioned cats. 3. Fifty-three stretch-sensitive mechanoreceptor identified as ending based on conduction velocities, location...

Computer-guided CBT has been shown to be a potentially useful way of closing the gap between demand and supply for CBT. Moreover, this approach additional benefits in terms less travel times treatment, accessibility remote unusual locations, increased confidentiality, easier disclosure sensitive information, more egalitarian therapist-client interactions. Research on computerized concentrated clinical outcomes, but views clients treatment have relatively neglected.The aims were assess client...

Monitoring physiological signs in animal testing is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies and better understanding diseases. This paper exploits Doppler radar nonlinear phase demodulation effect to achieve noncontact measurement both displacements frequencies a laboratory rat's cardiorespiratory activities. The implementation displacement acquisition method relying on demodulation-generated harmonics described, this provides guideline implementing method....

The neural substrates mediating autonomic components of the behavioral defense response have been shown to reside in periaqueductal gray (PAG). cardiovascular well described and are tonically suppressed by GABAergic input. ventilatory associated with disinhibition dorsal PAG (dPAG) neurons is unknown. In urethane-anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats, electrical stimulation dPAG was decrease expiration time increase respiratory frequency, no change inspiration. Baseline diaphragm...

The hypothesis out forth by Merskey and Watson [16] that pain, when lateralized, occurs more often on the left was tested in a sample of 264 patients seen at University Washington Pain Service. Contrary to hypothesis, pain occurred with equal frequency right. No differences were observed between right lateralized MMPI, IBQ or Zung depression scales. discrepancy these findings those probably reflects populations studied, conventions used define laterality, fact multiple statistical tests...

Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death. Numerous reports link in pregnancy with serious adverse outcomes, such as miscarriage, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, perinatal morbidity, and infant mortality. Corollaries consuming nicotine pregnancy, separate from smoking, are less explored, mechanisms action on maternal–fetal communication poorly understood. This study examined alterations maternal gut microbiome response to exposure during pregnancy. We report that...

Previous studies have demonstrated that the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) is an important site for descending modulation of baroreflex control heart rate. In present study it was hypothesized LPBN neurons may also modulate arterial pressure and sympathetic nerve activity. urethan-anesthetized rats, electrical or chemical activation produced a significant reduction in magnitude inhibition mean (MAP) renal activity (RSNA) elicited by aortic depressor stimulation. Chemical inactivation...

After admission, 57 schizophrenic patients completed two versions of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) to assess perceived recent and earlier parenting attributes. The parents were also assessed using Camberwell Family Interview generate Expressed Emotion (EE) scores. patients, compared matched non-clinical controls, reported a significantly greater chance (50% vs 26%) exposure “affectionless control” from their father. Nine months later, subjects re-Interviewed relapse status...

We asked 28 registered nurses with varying degrees of experience in working neurological and neurosurgical patients to fake results on 10 neuropsychological tests such a way as be congruent history trauma the left fronto-temporal cortex. compared these data those obtained from 21 who had been referred verified cerebral injury diagnosis dysfunction. The overall hit rate classification for two groups was 85.7% 89.8%, depending which test scores were combined. Results showed that knowledgeable...

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) increases neutral sphingomyelinase (NSMase) activity and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission causes diaphragm weakness. We tested whether a systemic pharmacological NSMase inhibitor or short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting isoform 3 (NSMase3) would prevent abnormalities induced by HFREF caused myocardial infarction. In the intervention, we used intraperitoneal injection of GW4869 vehicle. genetic injected adeno-associated...

Evaluations of computer-guided CBT (CCBT) suggest that this is a promising approach to closing the gap between demand for, and supply of, CBT. However, additional studies are required conducted by researchers independent programme developers, include wider range participants. This study examined viability CCBT for panic phobic anxiety in an unselected sample referrals remote rural areas Scotland. Outcome was assessed wide outcome measures, completed before after treatment, at 4-month...

A non-invasive and non-contact monitoring system for measuring laboratory rat's cardiorespiratory movement is demonstrated. The uses a 60-GHz CMOS radar integrated with antennas in flip-chip package. Utilizing the harmonics generated radar-detected signal due to nonlinear phase modulation, can measure displacements of respiration heartbeat addition their frequencies. This first time that simultaneous measurement both frequencies movements, by using continuous-wave (CW) radar, reported....

The pattern of Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) associated with activation arterial chemoreceptors versus baroreceptor afferents was examined urethane-anesthetized rats. Chemoreflex responses elicited by repeat intravenous injections potassium cyanide (KCN; 90 μg/kg) significantly increased FLI all columns PAG relative to saline-injected animals. Pressor phenylephrine (PE) produced a similar throughout except dorsomedial and lateral caudal PAG, where minimal....