1. The goal of this study was to characterize the clasp-knife reflex by use stretch and isometric contraction ankle extensor flexor muscles in decerebrated cats with bilateral dorsal hemisections their spinal cords at segment T12. 2. Stretch an muscle evoked inhibition both homonymous synergistic muscles. similarities between suggest that similar neural mechanisms were responsible. 3. Homonymous showed several characteristic features: 1) only large stretches produced significant force. Short...

1. The goal of this study was to determine the contribution muscular free nerve endings clasp-knife reflex by comparing their response properties and actions reflex. 2. responses single muscle afferents were examined in anesthetized cats using stretch isometric contraction ankle extensor muscles identical those that evoked inhibition decerebrated dorsal spinal-hemisectioned cats. 3. Fifty-three stretch-sensitive mechanoreceptor identified as ending based on conduction velocities, location...

The input-output properties of interneurons mediating spinal reflexes were investigated by extracellularly recording the response to excitation from muscle receptors in ankle extensor muscles decerebrated, cats. A population intermediate region cord is potently excited increases force. Unlike discharge Golgi tendon organs, which accurately encodes moment-to-moment variations force a single muscle, these depends dynamic and usually nonlinear way on several muscles. Powerful input unidentified...

1. Stable intracellular recordings were obtained from neurons (n = 62) in the L6-S1 deep dorsal horn of spinal cord pentobarbital-sodium-anesthetized, intact rats 26). All responded to natural mechanical stimuli and/or electrical stimulation peripheral afferents. 2. Intracellular penetrations maintained for 30 min-2 h. Action potentials occurred spontaneously most 50) and could be evoked remainder 12) by depolarizing current passage. Mean resting membrane potential was -60.9 mV, mean action...

Noxious stimuli applied to the skin can produce long-lasting, C-fiber-dependent, secondary hyperalgesia that is mediated by central mechanisms. NMDA receptor antagonists and low doses of morphine preferentially block development without significantly altering unpotentiated responses nociceptive stimuli. The aim our study was determine if pentobarbital also alter either hyperalgesic or heat in spinalized intact rats. Our results demonstrate following. (1) Mustard oil above ankle joint...

1. The objective of this study was to evaluate the action stretch reflex on ankle extensor muscles normal and decerebrate cats. 2. Experiments were performed nine freely standing, unrestrained cats repeated after decerebration at premammillary level. length, force, electromyograph (EMG) soleus (SOL) lateral gastrocnemius (LG) recorded with use implanted transducers electrodes. 3. left joint unexpectedly reproducibly dorsiflexed by briefly stimulating common peroneal (CP) nerve electrodes...

1. The goal of this study was to characterize the functional properties spinal interneurons that are excited by muscular free nerve endings and assess their contributions clasp-knife reflex. 2. patterns activity 82 were squeezing Achilles tendon or manipulation muscle surfaces, preferential stimuli for endings, extracellularly recorded in lamina V-VII L5-S1 cord decerebrated spinalized cats. 3. Interneurons uniformly increases length force. Responses stretch exhibited gradual decay during...

Sport fencing is an open-skilled combat sport practiced around the world. Although previous research addressed kinematics of lunge and fleche, there are currently no studies on flick. The flick a high-level action that involves bending blade toward opponent, much like whip or fly-fishing cast. aim our was to identify kinematic variables significantly influence scoring success in two elite foil fencers. In particular, we asked what aspect movement each individual fencer can change improve...

Previous studies of spatial transformations between sensory input and motor output in escape responses have suggested two alternative patterns integration. The continuous pattern corresponds to withdrawal movements directed 180° away from the location stimulus, whereas categorical that are biased toward a limited number preferred directions. goal these experiments was determine which best describes tail response spinalized intact rats by applying pinpoint heat stimuli at eight points...

Hyperalgesia can arise from peripheral sensitization, on-going activation, and central plasticity. In the target article, coderre & katz argue that all three mechanisms contribute to hyperalgesia. contrast, we believe existing experimental evidence suggests plasticity plays only an insignificant role in most models clinical presentations of hyperalgesia induced by tissue injury or chemical activation sensory receptors.