In this letter, a compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) monopulse antenna array based on microstrip feed is proposed. The cell composed of two layers dielectric substrates, the model Rogers 5880. TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> mode excited in bottom SIW cavity, and mirrored used to realize function comparator, which makes structure simple superior performance. Furthermore, an formed basis cell. performance was...

High efficiency and fast dynamic response are two main control objectives for dual active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converters. Traditional extended phase shift (EPS) can significantly enhance the conversion of DAB converters by reducing current stress; however, it cannot fulfill requirements. In this paper, a novel hybrid scheme consisting EPS direct power (DPC), named as EPS-DPC, is proposed. EPS-DPC has salient features in both performance. order to verify outstanding performance proposed...

This article presents a compact broadband 16-way two-dimensional (2-D) Butler matrix (BM)-based beamforming network (BFN) using multilayer substrate-integrated coaxial line (SICL). In order to achieve the goal of miniaturization and wide bandwidth, an SICL vertical-plane <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> BM is implemented for first time, then combined...

This study presents a direct power control (DPC) scheme with pulse width modulation module and two hysteresis comparators, for the application in single-phase PWM converters to overcome drawbacks of conventional proportion-integration-based DPC (PI-based DPC), including poor dynamic performance complexity tuning PI parameters. According outputs inner-loop controllers, proposed divides d–q reference frame into four sectors. In each sector, components are estimated be equivalent as controllers...

It becomes necessary to utilize electromagnetic/ electromechanical hybrid simulator modern large HVAC and DC power system, where multiple HVDC links feed into concentrated load areas. In this paper, a practical real-time is proposed. The makes RTDS external transient program running on computer link together effectively smoothly. entire interface schemes for simulation are discussed both algorithm implementation layers. Aiming at the problem unexpected low frequency non-characteristic...

This letter presents a design of four-element wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with improved isolation that covering 1.9–5.2 GHz for 5G application. The basic structure the proposed MIMO is meandering monopole; dual-band generated by involving L-shape strip and inverted-F strip, then coupling parasitic to generate wideband. By etching two H-shape slots split-ring resonator at ground can enhance between adjacent input ports. Antenna elements are rotated symmetrically...

With the increasing proportion of new energy such as wind power and photovoltaic generation, traditional demand side response scheme is difficult to adapt high systems. Based on this, a optimization method considering output characteristics proposed in this paper. First all, according historical year's solar data, study cluster effect photovoltaic, calculate assurance rate different confidence intervals basis. Then, analyze multi time scale net load curves under penetration rates, establish...

In this article, a new design of dual-wideband filtering power divider (FPD) based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. the three-port design, set data structures are constructed to describe corresponding connection methods between basic units and their electrical parameters. Then, obtain optimal structure meet FPD specification, GA used find topology parameters, including isolation resistors. To validate concept, prototype centering at 2.1 6.6 GHz with 3-dB fractional bandwidths 75.2%...

We propose and demonstrate a novel dual-loop OEO employing balanced photo-detection. 40GHz ultra-stable electrical optical clock with timing-jitter of 33.59fs are generated further used to obtain short pulses FWHM 2.1ps.

Multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) system is a promising technique for B3G/4G development. In this paper, the MIMO above 3-D randomly rough surface modelled and numerically analyzed. The Monte Carlo method employed to generate surface, Kirchhoff approximation (KA) applied calculation of scattering channel transfer matrix. It shows dependence capacity upon array geometry underlying parameters. found that significantly related with inter-element separation antenna array. When small, due...

Piezoelectric sensors have been widely used for biomolecule-specific identification and chemical toxic detection, etc. The optimized design of piezoelectric micro-beam is important medical environmental protection. bending micro-beams with surface stress analytically solved by converting it to a plane problem elasticity. A polynomial solution stresses electric displacements obtained the semi-inverse method cantilever simply supported micro-beams. numerical results components stresses,...

In this article, a millimeter-wave (mmWave) broadband low-loss substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) to ridge waveguide (RIWG) transition is proposed. The realizes the conversion from TEM mode in SICL TE10 RIWG through T-shaped patch. To achieve and low loss characteristics, multi-section impedance transformer employed enhance matching performance at frequencies, metalized via array structures are used improve high frequencies. For verification, back-to-back prototype was designed...

Empowered by the latest progress on innovative metamaterials/metasurfaces and advanced antenna technologies, holographic multiple-input multiple-output (H-MIMO) emerges as a promising technology to fulfill extreme goals of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. The arrays utilized in H-MIMO comprise massive (possibly extent) numbers elements, densely spaced less than half-a-wavelength integrated into compact space, realizing an almost continuous aperture. Thanks expected low cost, size,...

In this article, a single-board integrated millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) asymmetric full-digital beamforming (AFDBF) array is developed for beyond-fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) communications. The proposed effectively addresses the challenge of arranging large number ports in by designing vertical connections three-dimensional space successfully integrating transmitting (Tx) receiving (Rx) arrays independently single board. Unlike traditional symmetric array, composed an 8 ×...

The M2 factor matrix for twodimensional HermiteGaussian field is proposed. By introducing coupled beams half width and factor, the of mode after being rotated around propagation axis by some angle has been derived theoretically in same coordinate. rules change parameters related to varying with modes' rotation have simulated numerically; track vectors versus given. Calculation results are good agreement ones, which proves that using matrix, factors a certain can be those before rotation....

Wireless sensor networks generally require large-scale deployment. Each node in the network is solely responsible for data sensing a certain area. In order to determine sequence which generated, time synchronization between nodes necessary. Due delay of multi-hop transmission and influence frequency shift crystal frequencies, error larger. reduce synchronization, it common practice increase number synchronizations. But this method will cause energy consumption increase, affecting survival...

This paper presents a low phase noise injection-locked doubler-based quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (ILD-QVCO). Instead of using conventional coupling scheme, an doubler is introduced in the proposed ILD-QVCO to generate quadarature signals. In this architecture, determined by coupled VCOs, and accuracy VCO oscillating at twice desired frequency. Thus, trade-off between two parameters traditional QVCO does not exist ILD-QVCO. Besides, novel proves have better than QVCO. The...