One of the polymers with biggest production volume is poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) considering their versatility, durability, lightweight, as well low cost production, plastics have recently become an essential part everyone's daily life. However, increased and usage poses significant environmental problems because incomplete utilization, a lengthy biodegradation period, detrimental effects on living things. This study examines latest findings in PVC research, including its properties,...

Preparation of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and its influence on the stability explosive properties bonded explosives (PBXs) based several cyclic nitramines, namely β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (β-HMX), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (ε-CL-20) cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (BCHMX) are discussed. Impact friction sensitivity were determined. Combustion heat detonation velocity studied...

Information about the forty nine nitraminic plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) and different nitramines were collected. Fillers of these PBXs are 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5-tetrazocane (β-HMX), cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (bicyclo-HMX, BCHMX) ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (ε-HNIW, CL-20) which by polyfluoro-elastomers, polydimethyl-siloxane, poly-glycidyl azide, polyisobutylene,...

Producing an eco-friendly fuel with the least amount of sulfur compounds has been ongoing issue for petroleum refineries. In this study, bentonite (which is a cheap material and locally available in abundance) employed to prepare nano-silica catalyst high surface area be used oxidative desulfurization kerosene. Two composite catalysts Fe/silica were supported on CAT-1 (0% HY-zeolite 100% nano-silica) CAT-2 (20% 80% nano-silica). The activity was evaluated batch ODS (oxidative...

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films were chemically modified by including organic groups, amino group of ethylenediamine (en), and furtherly treated with aromatic aldehyde. The modification process included synthesizing the casting utilizing tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvent. enriched five metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), specifically: TiO2, Co2O3, Cr2O3, NiO CuO, in order to enhance their resistance photodegradation. subjected UV light. resulting damage was assessed both analytically...

cis-1,3,4,6-Tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (BCHMX) is a relatively available bicyclic nitramine in the present. Due to high energetic content of its molecule (deformation valence angles) it has heat formation higher than β−1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (β−HMX) by nearly three times. As result, explosion and relative explosive strength exceed that β−HMX including their corresponding PBXs. However, penetration abilities PBXs based on HMX are those BCHMX. The initiation...

A well-known ternary plastic explosive, Czech Semtex 1H, contains a mixture of PETN and RDX softened by SBR. In this work, BCHMX was used to replace in 1H form Sem-BC+RDX. addition, another based on HMX as energetic fillers bonded the polymeric matrix (Sem-BC+HMX) studied. The particle size distribution each individual explosive determined obtain optimum mixing conditions. Friction impact sensitivities were determined. velocity detonation reported practically properties calculated EXPLO5...

Abstract In this work, preparation and characterization of a plastic bonded explosive (PBX) based on mixture cis‐1,3,4,6‐tetranitrooctahydroimidazo‐[4,5‐d]imidazole (BCHMX) 1,1‐diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethene (DADNE or FOX‐7) by poly‐dimethyl siloxane binder (PDMS) were investigated. Impact friction sensitivities determined. Detonation velocity was measured the detonation characteristics determined EXPLO 5 thermodynamic code. Relative strength using ballistic mortar test. For comparison, four...

More detailed analysis of a mutual relationship impact sensitivity (detected by sound) and crystal lattice free volume, ΔV, for the 18 nitramines shows that its course is not unequivocal. For part studied compounds this has increased with increase ΔV values, but fairly big number works in opposite direction, especially data 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane, 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane, β− ε−polymorphs 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane. Initiation reactivity...

The relationship between friction sensitivity (FS) and the crystal lattice free space per molecule, ΔV, of thirteen nitramines is described by a linear equation, divided into number partial relationships with strong limitations their molecular structure characteristics. Increasing FS due to raising ΔV values not clearly confirmed. influence on similar that aza atoms which mutual orientations nitro groups in neighboring molecules. dipole-dipole interaction oxygen nitrogen nitramine molecules...

Compositions based on 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) with several cyclic nitramines, namely 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) and β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (β-HMX), cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (BCHMX), ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (ε-CL20) were prepared studied in comparison 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) compositions. Impact friction sensitivities, combustion heats, detonation velocities relative explosive strengths (RS)...

Due to the acidity and limited applications of 1,4‐dinitro‐1,4‐diazabutane (EDNA), a novel nitrogen rich energetic co‐crystal based on EDNA 1,5‐diaminotetrazole (DAT) in 1:2 molar ratio was synthesized. The formation tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) Raman spectroscopy. Based elemental analysis enthalpy combustion obtained calorimetric bomb, calculated be 196.9 kJ · mol –1 . Sensitivity impact measured 50 % probability initiation 9.7 J for...

Abstract A new focus in the fields of energetic materials is on preserving high performance while enhancing manipulation safety. In this work, a special type plastic‐bonded explosive (PBX) mixture has begun to be developed by combining nitramine, cis‐1,3,4,6‐tetranitrooctahydroimidazo‐[4,5‐d]imidazole (BCHMX), with thermally stable explosives 1,3‐diamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (DATB) and 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’‐hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) bonded styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) binder. The studied PBXs...

Nano-thermite colloid is a promising field of research used to enhance the characteristics energetic materials. In this study, pre-treated surfaces multiwall-carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were catalyzed help deposition metal and coating process by copper (Cu) nano-scale layer through electroless deposition. The formed hybrids coated Cu treated at 250°C form MWCNTs CuO. Acetone was suspend with aluminum nanoparticles (120 nm) in order nano-thermite ultrasonic technique. presence CuO plays role an...

Several mixtures, based on urea, urea derivatives some inorganic oxidants, including also aluminia, were studied by means of ballistics mortar with TNT as a reference standard. The Detonation pressure (P), detonation velocity (D), heat (Q) and volume gaseous product at standard temperature conditions (STP condition) calculated using Explo5 V6.3 thermochemical code. performance the mixtures was discussed in relation to their thermal reactivity, determined differential analysis (DTA) . It is...

Electrospinning technique became a very common and effective method to fabricate nonwoven films with large surface area for different purposes especially in the biomedical field. Antimicrobial submicron fibrous based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) doped silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), Zinc Oxide (ZnO), (Ag-NPS/ZnO), were successfully fabricated via electrospinning technique. The morphology elemental configurations of as-prepared studied by using scanning electron microscope EDX. While phase...

The linear, directly proportional, equations between the Arrhenius parameters (Ea and log A) of thermal decomposition crystal lattice free space per molecule, ΔV, 22 nitramines are described. It is shown that, because a significant limitation by molecular structural characteristics such compounds, they divided into number partial relationships. These relationships divide group substances relating to dimethyl nitramine sub-group related ε−HNIW. proportional mean that an increase in ΔV values...

EPX-2R is a high-performance plastic explosive produced for different applications. based on RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane) bonded by the elastic matrix of softened styrene butadiene binder. A computerizing mixer plastograph was used production EPX-2R. The internal energy combustion measured and to determine enthalpy formation. Friction impact sensitivities were measured. velocity detonation determined experimentally, properties calculated EXPLO 5 code. For comparison, traditional...