In recent years, socioeconomic transformation and social modernisation in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states have led to tremendous changes lifestyle and, subsequently, expansion of urban settlements. This accelerated growth is pronounced not only across vegetated coasts, plains, mountains, but also desert cities. Nevertheless, spatial simulation prediction patterns has received little attention, including Oman. While most settlements Oman are located environments, research exploring...

Although Saudi Arabia has experienced very high rates of urbanization, little interest been given to investigating national and provincial trends in urbanization space time. Night-time lights satellite sensor data are considered as a suitable source imagery for mapping urban areas across large regions. This study uses night-time analyze the spatial temporal patterns dynamics growth between 1992 2013 at levels. A hybrid method was applied ensure continuity consistency Defense Meteorological...

The year 2020 witnessed the arrival of global COVID-19 pandemic, which became most devastating public health disaster in last decade. Understanding underlying spatial variations consequences particularly mortality, is crucial for plans and policies. Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted on key determinants mortality how these might vary geographically across developing nations. Therefore, this research aims to address gaps by adopting Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression (GWPR)...

Knowledge of the spatial pattern population is important. Census data provide insufficient information because they are released only for large geographic areas. Nighttime light (NTL) have been utilized widely as an effective proxy mapping. However, well-reported challenges pixel overglow and saturation influence applicability Defense Meteorological Program Operational Line-Scan System (DMSP-OLS) accurate This paper integrates three remotely sensed sources, DMSP-OLS, vegetation, bare land...

To progress the clean hydrogen-gas-based energy economy, there is a demand for cost-effective, highly efficient catalysts to facilitate hydrogen evolution reaction process (HER). Due amazing catalytic capabilities of two-dimensional materials, extensive research has been done on these structures. However, most described syntheses take lot time, are challenging, and ineffective. The present work demonstrates performance recently reported nanodiamond/graphene composite microsphere ND-GCSs as...

Intraocular pressure defects remain a significant problem in the medical field. Several methods have been employed to help reduce effect of intraocular (IOP), all which their merits and demerits. Considered this paper are surgery Kahook Dual Blade (KDB; Kahook, New World Medical, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA) process invented tested during previous studies IOP. This study examines both methods; first, combination with cataract surgery, then, separately, assess effectiveness reducing Objective...

A novel coronavirus, COVID-19, appeared at the beginning of 2020 and within a few months spread worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic had some its greatest impacts on social, economic religious activities. This study focused application daily nighttime light (NTL) data (VNP46A2) to measure spatiotemporal impact human lifestyle in Saudi Arabia national, province governorate levels as well selected cities sites. results show that NTL brightness was reduced all periods compared with pre-pandemic...

Migrants are among the groups most vulnerable to infection with viruses due social and economic conditions in which they live. Therefore, spatial modeling of virus transmission migrants is important for controlling containing COVID-19 pandemic. This research focused on associations between incidence rates migrant workers. The aim was understand relationships type workplace at subnational level Oman. Using empirical Bayes smoothing as well local indicators associations, six work sectors...

Small-area population estimation is important for many applications. This paper explores the usefulness of Landsat ETM + data, remotely sensed height census population, and dwelling unit data to provide small-area estimates. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was selected as a suitable area test set methods downscaling. Two broad approaches were applied: 1) statistical modeling 2) areal interpolation. With regard modeling, regression through origin used model relationship between density units built...

The COVID-19 pandemic greatly impacted socioeconomic life globally. Nighttime-lights (NTLs) data are mainly related to anthropogenic phenomena and thus have the ability monitor changes in activity. However, overglow effect is a source of uncertainty affects applicability NTL for accurately monitoring changes. This research integrates fine bare-land-cover construct novel index named Bare Adjusted Index (BANTLI) lessen uncertainty. BANTLI was used measure post-pandemic resumption religious...

Rapid growth in the world's urban population presents many challenges to planning and service provision. Conventional sources of data often fail provide spatially temporally detailed information on changing populations. While downscaling methods have helped bridge this gap, use fine spatial resolution coupled with object-based image analysis (OBIA) is relatively novel, few studies exist outside western, developed world. This article a study Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which distribution estimates...

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging zoonotic disease. Exposure to dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries) has been consistently considered the main source of primary human infection. Although Saudi Arabia reports highest rate MERS-CoV infection and one largest populations worldwide, their spatial association not yet investigated. Thus, this study aimed examine correlation between distribution cases with or without a history camel exposure reported 2012 2019...

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that appeared in 2019 gave rise to a major global health crisis is still topping health, socioeconomic, and intervention program agendas. Although the outbreak of COVID-19 has had substantial devastating impacts on developed countries, countries Global South share higher proportion epidemic's effects as shown particularly morbidity mortality rates low-income countries. Modeling underlying factors essential plan effective control strategies for transmission...

Communication structured acyclic nets (CSA-nets) are a Petri net-based formalism for representing interactions between subsystems of complex evolving systems (CES). CSA-nets, made up sets acyclic-nets, suitable tools modelling and visualising event-based systems' execution behaviour. Each subsystem is represented using separate net linked with other through set buffer places. These places link different depict their interactions. Analysis CES task. The hurdle that huge number resulting from...

The concept of structured occurrence nets is an extension that which are directed acyclic graphs represent causality and concurrency information concerning a single execution distributed system. formalism has been introduced to facilitate the portrayal analysis behaviours, in particular failures, complex evolving systems. Such systems composed large number sub-systems may proceed concurrently interact with each other external environment while their behaviour subject modification by purpose...

Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) attacks pose a persistent threat to network security by interrupting server functions. One common DDOS attack is the SYN-flood attack, which targets three-way handshake process TCP protocol. This technique overwhelms system sending vast number SYN messages, thereby exhausting its computational and communicative resources. A visual simulation for this scenario offers deeper insights into intricacies TCP-SYN-flood attack. paper presents novel approach that...

Dwelling unit (population) data at finer zones are important for different applications. The census not available every year and published coarse zones. While the remotely sensed have addressed this limitation, analysis of spatial non-stationarity in relationship between dwelling detailed urban remote-sensing covariates estimates is almost novel. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, chosen as a case study. variables been derived from QuickBird using an object-based image analysis. To analyse...

About 83% of laboratory-confirmed Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases have emerged from Saudi Arabia, which has the highest overall mortality rate worldwide. This retrospective study assesses impact spatial/patient characteristics for 14-and 45-day MERS-CoV using 2012–2019 data reported across regions and provinces. The Kaplan–Meier estimator was employed to estimate survival rates, Cox proportional-hazards (CPH) models were applied hazard ratios (HRs) predictors,...

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare autosomal recessive condition that characterized by the formation of excessive calcium phosphate microliths in alveoli. Most patients are diagnosed adulthood due to slow progression disease. Children with this disease asymptomatic, and changes lung parenchyma usually discovered incidentally. The diagnosis made combination positive chest imaging histological examination. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) chronic systemic autoimmune seropositive symmetrical...