A5102970724- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Cancer Risks and Factors
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Biochemical Acid Research Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Aldose Reductase and Taurine
- Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
- Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies
- Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
University of Pittsburgh
2022
University of Michigan
2016-2021
University of Iowa
2016
University of Birmingham
1994-2011
North Carolina State University
1995-1996
Type 2 diabetes affects approximately 8 percent of adults in the United States. Some risk factors — elevated plasma glucose concentrations fasting state and after an oral load, overweight, a sedentary lifestyle are potentially reversible. We hypothesized that modifying these with lifestyle-intervention program or administration metformin would prevent delay development diabetes.
The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a randomized clinical trial of prevention type 2 diabetes in high-risk people. Troglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, used initially but discontinued during the trial. Troglitazone therapy compared with other DPP interventions, considering both short-term “in-trial” results and longer-term after troglitazone were discontinued. From 1996 to 1998, participants randomly assigned treatment metformin (n = 587), 585), double placebo 582), or intensive...
We present the identification, cloning, and characterization of a self-incompatibility (S) gene from Papaver rhoeas that has no significant homology to any previously reported sequences, including S genes other species. This result suggests different mechanism may be operating in this species important implications for evolutionary relationships between genes. The S1 cDNA was cloned by using an oligonucleotide based upon N-terminal amino acid sequence data stigmatic proteins show complete...
We examined the effects of metformin on diabetes prevention and subgroups that benefited most over 15 years in Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) its follow-up, Outcomes Study (DPPOS).During DPP (1996-2001), adults at high risk developing were randomly assigned to masked placebo (n = 1,082) or 850 mg twice daily 1,073). Participants originally continued receive metformin, unmasked, DPPOS (2002-present). Ascertainment development was based fasting 2-h glucose levels after an oral tolerance...
Gene expression noise is an evolvable property of biological systems that describes differences in among genetically identical cells the same environment. Prior work has shown heritable and can be shaped by selection, but impact variation on organismal fitness proven difficult to measure. Here, we quantify effects altering for TDH3 gene Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show increases deleterious or beneficial depending difference between average level a genotype maximizing fitness. also simple...
Background: Up to 15% of children with permanent hearing loss (HL) have auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD), which involves normal outer hair cell function and disordered afferent neural activity in the nerve or brainstem. Given varying presentations ANSD children, there is a need for more evidence-based research on appropriate clinical interventions this population. Purpose: This study compared speech production, perception, language outcomes ANSD, who are hard hearing, similar...
Genome editing via the CRISPR/Cas9 RNA-guided nuclease system has opened up exciting possibilities for genetic analysis. However, technical challenges associated with homology-directed repair have proven to be roadblocks producing changes in absence of unwanted, secondary mutations commonly known as "scars." To address these issues, we developed a 2-stage, marker-assisted strategy facilitate precise, "scarless" edits Drosophila minimal requirement molecular screening. Using this method,...
Understanding how phenotypes evolve requires disentangling the effects of mutation generating new variation from selection filtering it. Tests for frequently assume that introduces phenotypic symmetrically around population mean, yet few studies have tested this assumption by deeply sampling distributions mutational particular traits. Here, we examine gene expression in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae measuring thousands point mutations introduced randomly throughout genome. We find...
Purpose.: Dexamethasone (DEX) is commonly used as a therapeutic agent for various ocular inflammatory diseases; however, its effect on resident naive cells unknown. In this study, genome microarray and microRNA (miR) analyses were to evaluate the global gene miR expression of human corneal fibroblasts (HKFs) in response treatment with DEX. Methods.: Primary HKFs from three donors treated DEX 16 hours. Treated untreated snap frozen array analyses. Genes more than threefold change classified...
Heritable variation in a gene’s expression arises from mutations impacting cis - and trans -acting components of its regulatory network. Here, we investigate how -regulatory are distributed within the genome gene network by identifying characterizing 69 with effects on same focal Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Relative to 1766 without this gene, found that these were enriched coding sequences transcription factors previously predicted regulate gene. However, over 90% identified mapped other...
purpose. In peripheral sodium-transporting tissues, the serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) isoform-1 is an early corticosteroid target gene in activation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs). Sodium transport across human ocular nonpigmented pigmented ciliary bilayer (NPE-PE) essential for aqueous humor production, but expression SGK1 ENaC subunits remain to be defined. methods. were evaluated by situ hybridization RT-PCR analysis on NPE-PE sections NPE cell line (ODM-2)....
The majority of the JH III epoxide hydrolase activity in last stadium day 3 (gate 1) wandering Trichoplusia ni was membrane bound with approximately 9% found cytosol. Both microsomal and cytosolic hydrolases were stable, retaining 30% their original after incubation at 4°C for 15 days. 18O-labeled water underwent enzyme catalyzed regioselective addition to least substituted C10 position III. In multiple turnover reactions 97.9% water, only 91.3% 18O incorporation observed. This is consistent...
To identify genetic variants underlying changes in phenotypes within and between species, researchers often utilize transgenic animals to compare the function of alleles different backgrounds. In Drosophila, targeted integration mediated by ΦC31 integrase allows activity alternative be compared at same genomic location. By using insertion site for each transgene, position effects are generally assumed controlled because both surrounded context. Here, we test this assumption comparing tan...
Abstract Understanding how phenotypes evolve requires disentangling the effects of mutation generating new variation from selection filtering it. Evolutionary models frequently assume that introduces phenotypic symmetrically around population mean, yet few studies have tested this assumption by deeply sampling distributions mutational for particular traits. Here, we examine gene expression in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae measuring thousands point mutations introduced randomly...
Abstract Gene expression noise is an evolvable property of biological systems that describes differences in gene among genetically identical cells the same environment. Prior work has shown heritable and can be shaped by natural selection, but impact variation on organismal fitness proven difficult to measure. Here, we quantify effects altering for TDH3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae . We show increases deleterious or beneficial depending difference between average level a genotype maximizing...
Abstract Heritable variation in a gene’s expression arises from mutations impacting cis - and trans -acting components of its regulatory network, with often derived -regulatory within species. Here, we investigate how are distributed the genome gene network by identifying characterizing 69 effects on same focal Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Relative to 1766 without this gene, found that these were enriched coding sequences transcription factors previously predicted regulate gene. However, over...