As lithium ion batteries are adopted in electric vehicles and stationary storage applications, the higher number of cells greater energy densities increases risks possible catastrophic events. This paper shows a definition method to calculate state safety an system based on concept that is inversely proportional abuse. latter increases, former decreases zero. Previous descriptions literature qualitative nature but don’t provide numerical quantification system. In case battery testing...

Until recently, there have been relatively few studies exploring the power consumption of ICT resources in data centres. In this paper, we propose a methodology to capture behaviour most relevant energy-related centres and present generic model for them. This is achieved by decomposing design process into four modelling phases. Furthermore, unlike state-of-the-art approaches, provide detailed models at server storage levels. We evaluate our different types servers show that it suffers from...

Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) has become a key technique to reduce power consumption at times of low processor (CPU) utilisation. Reducing CPU frequency usually results in degraded services' performance leading Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations. Usually, governors change voltage discrete time instances based on utilisation without taking into account constraints services. In this paper, model for the widely used utilisation-based ondemand governor is presented. contrast...

In this paper we propose a method for inductive power transfer systems (IPTS) that uses an impedance-based approach the interface description between vehicle and infrastructure. Thus, interoperability infrastructure can be described both subsystems developed independently. The preserves flexibility in electronic magnetic design by not imposing specific electrical circuits or coil topologies. We show how impedance zone derived using example of existing IPTS. then present test bench applied to...

Data centres are important players in smart cities both as IT service providers and energy consumers. Integrating intermittent renewable sources into the local power grid is one challenge future aiming at an based low carbon economy. The project DC4Cities takes up this by offering a technical business related solution for optimizing share of when operating data cities. To end, management options between centre city together with internal adaptation strategies introduced. Finally,...

This work describes a novel approach for the reduction of energy consumption in data centres (DCs) that will yield benefits both terms running costs and its environmental impact. The method is based on introduction collaborative interactions flexibility clauses contracts between all DC ecosystem entities. included entities are actors along production–consumption chain, from provider to Information Technology customer. also integrates interaction federated DCs. In this paper, we find detailed...

Urbanization has been an increasing trend that lead to higher population densities in cities worldwide. Providing these large amounts of citizens with a high quality living is one the main goals future smart cities. A requires city offer several services, many them supported by sophisticated, power-intensive IT infrastructure. We present cooperation scheme between and data centres allows for effective use power flexibilities inherently available centres. By adapting demand availability...

Data centres, due to their significant energy use and highly automated IT infrastructure, are excellent candidates participate in demand response programs. However, the major inconvenience of today's electricity tariffs between provider its customers is lack flexibility, which renders programs difficult realise. In this paper, we propose a new supply agreement order foster power adaption (i.e. increase/decrease) collaboration data centres. To end, introduce contractual terms based on those...

This article presents a new method to virtually optimize the tire-vehicle interaction in early vehicle development phase. The basic principle of is definition characteristic values (CVs) for tire and specification objective maneuver criteria (OMC) describing driving behavior using double-track model vehicle. first ones are design variables, second used calculate fitness/objective function optimization. strategy their choice presented illustrated with examples. After having analyzed this kind...

The characteristic magnetic parameters of inductive power transfer systems highly depend on the relative position coils to each other. E.g., for purpose standardization and interoperability, it is essential exactly analyze describe them. This paper presents a method estimating respective in way that limited number measurements or simulation points sufficient allow calculation at every considered operating point. based multiple linear regression, applied three dimensions with approximated...

Inductive charging is a popular possibility to enhance the acceptance toward electric vehicles. It requires unit, consisting of copper coil and ferrite layer, integrated in vehicle underbody for power transfer. Here different requirements like mechanical protection or temperature distribution occur. Therefore, sophisticated material concept housing has be applied. One use carbon fiber reinforced plastic, as properties promise high stiffness thermal conductivity. Critical energy absorption...

Increasing the use of renewable energy is considered a viable way reducing carbon intensive power generation. However, grid running on high amounts has to deal with limited controllability and higher volatility sources like wind or solar. In this work, we propose demand side management varying feed-in via plans, i.e. instructions passed large consumers that specify how they should try spread out their over day. We argue separation planning implementation technical measures schedule loads...

In this paper, the performance of emerging MPEG-4 SVC CODEC is evaluated. first part, a brief introduction on subject quality assessment and development given. After that, used test methodologies are described in detail, followed by an explanation actual scenarios. The main part work concentrates analysis - both objective subjective.

The characteristic transfer parameters of inductive power systems highly depend on the relative position coils to each other. While translational offset has been investigated in past, effect rotatory is widely unclear. This paper contains simulation results an system with a three axes and shows possible improvements coupling coefficient. As result, rotation angles can be used as control thereby increase efficiency. Alternatively, allowed misalignment area secondary coil increased while...

Data centers are among the largest and fastest growing consumers of electricity in world. Furthermore, rapid growth digital content, big data, e-commerce, internet traffic will create need for an even higher number DCs. On other side, spite variability renewable resources, due to characteristic weather fluctuations, significant progress has been made energy generation industry terms reducing installation cost increasing integration into power grid represents a good motive tune data center...