Scholars consistently find that reentering offenders who obtain steady work and maintain social ties to family are less likely recidivate. Some theorize familial may operate through employment influence recidivism such also serve a moderating role. The current study employs an integrated conceptual framework in order test hypotheses about the link between ties, post‐release employment, recidivism. findings suggest have implications for both job attainment. In fact, results good quality be...

Studies considering perceptions of the police have traditionally focused on very broad outcome measures (e.g., global views police). In an era community policing, it is imperative to consider how public perceives and services using reflecting this alternative paradigm policing. addition, recent research suggests that are formed within context respondents’neighborhood cultures contexts. This examines factors predicting citizen in a Midwestern community, incorporating variables respondents’...

Drawing on recent scholarship prisoner reentry and gendered pathways to crime, this research explores how social relationships, incarceration experiences, community context, the intersection of these factors with race, influence occurrence timing recidivism. Using a large, modern sample women released from prison, we find that who are drug dependent, have less education, or more extensive criminal histories likely fail parole recidivate quickly during eight year follow‐up period. We also...

Numerous studies have examined the postrelease behaviors of men and women, highlighting importance social bonds in understanding positive reentry. However, there is evidence that effect on recidivism may vary by gender. Furthermore, research suggests an individual’s propensity for criminality, including prior criminal history, hinder development maintenance subsequently affect reentry transitions. The current study extends previous two ways. First, authors examine gender differences sources...

Despite attention to the role of gangs in urban gun violence, much remains be learned about spatial distribution and consequences residential gang membership. This study uses data from St. Louis examine effects resident membership on rates assault. We also consider whether violence is conditioned by level surrounding communities. As anticipated, communities with highest number members have However, impact assaults extends outside boundaries neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods few...

Abstract The current study adopts the life course framework to examine effect of incarceration on likelihood becoming married and attaining full‐time employment. It is hypothesized that men who have been incarcerated will be less likely marry gain Data from National Longitudinal Survey Youth are used test hypothesis. Results growth‐curve models support life‐course theoretical model. Across all estimated, negatively associated with marriage In addition, positive milestones (e.g., education)...

Research Summary: The primary goal of this study is to understand the factors that best explain recidivism among a sample 322 young men aged 17 24 years released from prison in Midwestern state. Specific attention paid predictive validity gang membership, gun use, and drug dependence on timing reconviction current research desistance frames analyses. Results series proportional hazard models indicate race, dependence, institutional behavior are critical predicting reconviction. Contrary...

Community-level factors such as disadvantage, disorder, and disorganization have been linked to a variety of antisocial illicit activities. Although crime deviance tend concentrate in areas with these characteristics, not all residents disorganized neighborhoods participate proscribed This study examines the relationship between exposure community violence involvement assaultive behavior weapon carrying among sample at-risk youth. Findings demonstrate that controlling for effects...

We use data from pre-sentence investigations and official parole board records to study the correlates of release among a sample men incarcerated for sexual offenses. Cox proportional hazard models are used estimate change in likelihood over time, focal concerns theory provides theoretical framework analyses. The findings suggest complex interplay legal extralegal factors understanding decisions. Parole officials weigh heavily offense seriousness, institutional misconduct, readiness scores...

Victims play a central role in criminal case processing, but research suggests many victims do not report crimes to police or cooperate investigation. This study extends the literature on victim cooperation by examining effect of incident-level variables and neighborhood characteristics nonfatal shooting incidents. The sample includes 1,054 from two Midwestern cities. Results using binary logistic regression suggest that incident are significantly associated with cooperation, race conditions...

Family context has been identified as a central domain in the study of delinquency, particularly during early childhood. As youth enter adolescence peer associations become much stronger influence. Using sample preadolescent youth, this research examines effect family and relationships on delinquency. Specifically, path analysis is used to test effects structure, parental supervision, attachment serious delinquent behavior determine if youth's life unique behavior, or familial are mediated...

The parole board plays an integral part in the reentry of offenders into community from prison most states; yet, little is known about decision‐making practices this group. In particular, few studies have used quantitative data to examine among a large group offenders, and less direct joint effects race ethnicity on decision point. We extend previous work by considering variation timing sample young, serious incarcerated one state. Results series proportional hazard models reveal substantial...

This research explores the correlates of desistance and recidivism among a modern cohort men released from prison. Using eight years follow‐up data, we estimate series multivariate models to differentiate offenders who recidivate in short term failed after an extended period or do not return criminal behavior at all. Consistent with this type, odds increased sharply release leveled off over time. In addition, younger more extensive histories were least likely desist early period. The results...

Researchers continue to examine the macrolevel trends of gun crime but little consensus exists regarding microlevel determinants behaviors. Moreover, is known if patterns behavior vary between adults and juveniles. This research examines possession, carrying, use across adult juvenile arrestees. moves beyond descriptive studies aggregate explores demographic perceptual correlates that may inhibit or facilitate Current results illustrate prevalence gun‐involved behaviors among juveniles,...

Research Summary We evaluated the efficacy of sex offender residence restrictions in Michigan and Missouri using a quasi‐experimental design with propensity score matching. First, we examined implementation laws found that offenders both states were less likely to live restricted areas after than prerestriction sample, but differences not statistically significant. In our outcome analysis, find little evidence changed prevalence recidivism substantially for postrelease period. Michigan,...

This analysis compares the effects of maternal and paternal incarceration on adult daughters’ sons’ criminal justice system (CJS) involvement. Data from National Longitudinal Study Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) are used examine differences by parent offspring sex in effect parental respondents’ self-reported arrest, conviction, after age 18 ( N = 15,587). Net controls, both significantly increase log odds CJS is especially pronounced for same-sex parent–child dyads, suggesting that...

Using law enforcement data from four Midwest communities, we document the similarities and differences between criminal nonfatal fatal shooting incidents, including spatial dimensions of events. We present a definition for incident that guides our victim characteristic comparisons. Our work suggests agencies should build capacity standardized collection surrounding gun violence to include shootings especially use in evaluations prevention strategies.

Monetary sanctions are an integral and increasingly debated feature of the American criminal legal system. Emerging research, including that featured in this volume, offers important insight into law governing monetary sanctions, how they levied, their imposition affects inequality. assessed for a wide range contacts with system ranging from felony convictions to alleged traffic violations variability practice across states. These differences allow identification features law, policy,...

The prevalence of drug use among probationers, and the entire offender population, has been well documented. Numerous treatment modalities have shown to reduce recidivism this population; however, analyses programmatic success are often based on a subset offenders who complete treatment. Less is known about individuals fail goal current study consider interaction use, provision, completion using data from 2000 Illinois Probation Outcome Study. Findings series proportional hazard models...

Researchers have consistently established the centrality of reentry experience in understanding offender life course trajectories, and housing has been cited as one most central bricks establishing stable, successful lives. However, social structural mechanisms that explain relationship between parolee outcomes are less known. To explore this, we use in-depth interviews a grounded theory approach to compare needs among sample male parolees participating program, Solid Start, with similar...

Investigations in Ferguson, Missouri, revealed that many individuals, particularly Black people, entered the criminal justice system for relatively minor offenses, missed court appearances, or failure to pay fines. Municipal courts were focused on revenue generation, which led aggressive enforcement of municipal codes. Although subsequent reforms passed, little is known about whether and how legislative changes influenced law-in-action courts. Using data from qualitative interviews with St....