A5027741122- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Marine and fisheries research
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Marine animal studies overview
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Climate variability and models
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Scientific Research and Discoveries
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
- Climate Change and Sustainable Development
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
2013-2023
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
2016-2023
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory
2001-2022
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
2009
Columbia University
2009
The University of Queensland
2003
James Cook University
1994-2003
ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies
2003
Stockholm University
2003
University of California, Davis
2003
A coral reef represents the net accumulation of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) produced by corals and other calcifying organisms. If calcification declines, then reef-building capacity also declines. Coral depends on saturation state mineral aragonite surface waters. By middle next century, an increased concentration carbon dioxide will decrease in tropics 30 percent biogenic precipitation 14 to percent. reefs are particularly threatened, because organisms secrete metastable forms CaCO , but...
SYNOPSIS. Understanding how reefs vary over the present ranges of environmental conditions is key to understanding coral will adapt a changing environment. Global data temperature, salinity, light, carbonate saturation state, and nutrients were recently compiled for nearly 1,000 reef locations. These statistically analyzed (1) re-define limits which exist today, (2) identify “marginal” reefs; i.e., those that near or beyond “normal” distribution, (3) broadly classify based on these major...
We examine six different coupled climate model simulations to determine the ocean biological response warming between beginning of industrial revolution and 2050. use vertical velocity, maximum winter mixed layer depth, sea ice cover define biomes. Climate leads a contraction highly productive marginal biome by 42% in Northern Hemisphere 17% Southern Hemisphere, an expansion low productivity permanently stratified subtropical gyre 4.0% 9.4% Hemisphere. In these, subpolar expands 16% 7%...
A user-friendly, stand-alone application for the calculation of carbonate system parameters was developed by U.S. Geological Survey Florida Shelf Ecosystems Response to Climate Change Project in response its Ocean Acidification Task. The application, Mark Hansen and Lisa Robbins, USGS St. Petersburg, FL, Joanie Kleypas, NCAR, Boulder, CO, Stephan Meylan, Jacobs Technology, is intended as a follow-on CO2SYS, originally Lewis Wallace (1998) later modified Microsoft Excel? Denis Pierrot...
Ocean acidification describes the progressive, global reduction in seawater pH that is currently underway because of accelerating oceanic uptake atmospheric CO 2 . Acidification expected to reduce coral reef calcification and increase dissolution. Inorganic cementation reefs precipitation CaCO 3 acts bind framework components occlude porosity. Little known about effects ocean on whether changes rates will affect resistance erosion. Coral eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) are poorly developed...
Coral reefs were one of the first ecosystems to be recognized as vulnerable ocean acidification. To date, most scientific investigations into effects acidification on coral have been related reefs’ unique ability produce voluminous amounts calcium carbonate. It has estimated that main reef-building organisms, corals and calcifying macroalgae, will calcify 10–50% less relative pre-industrial rates by middle this century. This decreased calcification is likely affect their function within...
Maintaining coral reef ecosystems is a social imperative, because so many people depend on reefs for food production, shoreline protection, and livelihoods. The survival of this century, however, threatened by the mounting effects climate change. Climate mitigation foremost essential action to prevent ecosystem collapse. Without it, will become extremely diminished within next 20–30 years. Even with strong mitigation, existing conservation measures such as marine protected areas fisheries...
Carbonates are the largest reservoirs of carbon on Earth. From mid‐Mesozoic time, biologically catalyzed precipitation calcium carbonates by pelagic phytoplankton has been primarily due to production calcite coccolithophorids. In this paper we address physical and chemical processes that select for coccolithophorid blooms detected in Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor (SeaWiFS) ocean color imagery. Our primary goal is develop both diagnostic prognostic models represent spatial temporal...
Abstract Reviews suggest that the biogeochemical threshold for sustained coral reef growth will be reached during this century due to ocean acidification caused by increased uptake of atmospheric CO 2 . Projections acidification, however, are based on air‐sea fluxes in open ocean, and not shallow‐water systems such as reefs. Like waters subject chemical forcing increasing pCO However, reefs with long water residence times, we illustrate benthic carbon can drive spatial variation pH ,...
Estimated changes in reef area and CaCO 3 production since the last glacial maximum (LGM) are presented for first time, based on a model (ReefHab) which uses measured environmental data to predict global distribution of habitat. Suitable habitat is defined by temperature, salinity, nutrients, depth‐attenuated level photosynthetically available radiation (PAR). calculated as function PAR. When minimum PAR levels were chosen restrict growth 30 m depth less, modern totaled 584–746 × 10³ km²....
Several negative feedback mechanisms have been proposed by others to explain the stability of maximum sea surface temperature (SST) in western Pacific warm pool (WPWP). If these “ocean thermostat” effectively suppress warming future, then coral reefs this region should be less exposed conditions that favor reef bleaching. In study we look for regional differences exposure and sensitivity increasing SSTs comparing reported bleaching events with observed modeled last fifty years. Coral within...
Abstract Changes in the carbonate chemistry of coral reef waters are driven by carbon fluxes from two sources: concentrations CO 2 atmospheric and source water, primary production/respiration calcification/dissolution benthic community. Recent model analyses have shown that, depending on composition community, air‐sea flux community processes can exceed that due to increases (ocean acidification). We field test this examine role three key members communities modifying ocean water: corals,...
As interest in natural climate mitigation solutions continues to grow, there is an essential role for coastal and ocean ecosystems ("blue carbon") play. To meet targets, however, it crucial that human actions protect or restore blue carbon sinks are based on solid science actionable management opportunities increase reduce emissions from ecosystem loss. Here, we reaffirm the of wetlands opportunities. We update state regarding existing pathways explore expanding new systems. Specifically,...
Many of the uncertainties in diagnostic and prognostic marine carbon cycle models arise from an imperfect understanding processes that control formation dissolution calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). On production side equation, factors abundances calcifying phytoplankton or zooplankton are largely unknown. side, changes depth CaCO saturation horizons for both calcite aragonite may produce large‐scale shelf slope sediments reefs, with potentially significant implications atmospheric dioxide...
Coral reef ecosystems are threatened by both climate change and direct anthropogenic stress. Climate will alter the physico-chemical environment that reefs currently occupy, leaving only limited regions conducive to habitation. Identifying these early may aid conservation efforts inform decisions transplant particular coral species or groups. Here a distribution model (Maxent) is used describe habitat suitable for growth. Two scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP8.5) from National Center Atmospheric...