Compared with the L filter, LCL filter is more suitable for high-power low-switching-frequency applications due to its better attenuation characteristics on high frequencies. However, parameter design complex since both inhibiting effect of high-frequency harmonic current and influence controller response performance converter should be considered. In this paper, model criteria a shunt active power (SAPF) are analyzed in beginning. Then, impacts all parameters SAPF intuitively drawn graph by...

Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) produced through the activity of l ‐cysteine desulfhydrase (DES1) is an important gaseous signaling molecule in plants could participate abscisic acid (ABA)‐induced stomatal closure. However, coupling DES1/H S pathways to guard cell movement has not been thoroughly elucidated. The results presented here provide genetic evidence for a physiologically relevant pathway governs situ function We discovered ABA‐activated DES1...

Although many high-power voltage source converters are of three-phase three-wire type, there may also be other types configuration with which tripplen harmonics in the ac and/or current great concern. This paper analyzes harmonic characteristic output modular multilevel converter (MMC) cases where third-order and inevitable, such as four-wire configurations. The interaction among capacitor voltage, arm current, modulating signal will generate multiple is most dominant. MMC cause excessive...

The nearest level modulation combined with circulating current control (denoted by NLM-C method) is applied for modular multilevel converter. characteristic of the method in terms output voltage and total harmonic distortion (THD) studied compared conventional NLM modified level-increasing without (M-NLM method). impact on waveform ac studied. Compared method, besides suppressing second order current, can also increase number reduce and/or THD, which similar to M-NLM method. sampling...

A bus-clamping space vector pulsewidth modulation (PWM) called 240°-clamped PWM (240CPWM) is analyzed for three-phase converters that have a cascaded connection of dc-dc stage and dc-ac stage. direct application the proposed concept electric vehicle (EV) traction inverters employ to interface relatively low-voltage battery high-voltage motor. The 240CPWM method has major advantages clamping phase positive or negative rail 240° in fundamental period, two phases simultaneously at any given...

An isolated active-clamped single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) power factor correction (PFC) based on SiC devices is presented. The impact of the resonant inductance switch voltage stress and range zero-voltage switching analyzed. Analytical expressions for operating points switches over line cycle are derived used to evaluate loss. Resonant snubber capacitance chosen analysis reduce loss without overstress switches. Lossless diode clamp circuits designed output so that peak...

Abstract The Internal Linear Combination (ILC) is widely used to extract the cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal from multi-frequency observation maps, especially for Satellite experiments with quasi-full sky coverage. We extend ILC method CMB polarization map analysis a small patch which typical ground-based experiments, by combing template cleaning can give pure B free EB leakage caused partial feature of our methods that we do on pseudo-scalar and advantage it totally avoids impact...

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of crop rotation on Fusarium mycotoxins and species in cereals Sichuan Province. A total 311 cereal samples were randomly collected analyzed from 2018 2019 results mycotoxin analysis showed that major trichothecene Province nivalenol (NIV) deoxynivalenol (DON), mean concentration trichothecenes (including NIV, fusarenone X [4ANIV], DON, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol [3ADON], 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol [15ADON]) wheat significantly higher than...

A new isolated bridgeless PFC converter based on active-clamped SEPIC is proposed. Compared to conventional converter, the proposed reduces conduction loss by removing two diodes in line current path, while preserving advantages of such as zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and active voltage clamp for all high frequency switches, soft turn-off output well damped control-to-input-current response. In addition, peak stress diode inherently clamped center-tapped transformer configuration....

A feedforward current-sense current-compensation (CSCC) active EMI filter (AEF) for the direct current-side common-mode (CM) electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression of high-power electric vehicle traction inverters is analyzed and designed. detailed design components with formulas provided based on an analysis CSCC AEF, including AEF topology its implementation. The stage was implemented using a simple current transformer small circuit board. Only passive high resonant frequency...

The development of single-cell RNA sequencing has enabled profound discoveries in biology, ranging from the dissection composition complex tissues to identification novel cell types and dynamics some specialized cellular environments. However, large-scale generation RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data collected at multiple time points remains a challenge effective measurement gene expression patterns transcriptome analysis. We present an algorithm based on Dynamic Time Warping score (DTWscore) combined...

Abstract The model predictive current control (MPCC) technique has been an effective alternative for motor drive applications requiring fast dynamic response. However, the conventional MPCC suffers from high switching losses due to frequency of inverter. This study proposes a low average method based on boundary‐constrained quadratically extrapolated trajectory permanent magnet synchronous drive. First, quadratic function‐based prediction is constructed obtain in long‐term future. Second,...

Applying the selective harmonic elimination (SHE) technique to grid connected cascaded modular multilevel inverters has been widely discussed in literature. However, due difficulties of solving high-order non-linear transcendental equations, SHE cannot be implemented real time so its applications are limited. This paper presents a convert equations specific control system and use look-up table, integral controllers decoupling controller help converge zero-error steady state. An inner...

In surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) low-speed sensorless control, the high-frequency sinusoidal voltage injection method for rotor position estimation is affected by low saturation salient rate of SPMSM and system delay, resulting in error. This article proposes a dual-demodulation utilizing positive- negative-sequence stator current motor. based on principle maximizing effect inductance component minimizing significant noise, which improves utilization containing...

The capacitor voltage in modular multilevel converter contains multiple low order harmonics which will induce the output and/or current through modulation process. Harmonics generated by a grid-connected with direct and control is analyzed. Proportional-resonant controller tuned at 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic frequency used for eliminating influence of ripple on control. analysis verified simulation results.

DC link capacitor is one of the critical components in EV powertrain affecting size, weight, and reliability. In a cascaded architecture (DC-DC stage followed by DC-AC stage), size dictated ripple current it has to support from both stages. This work explores benefits relatively new PWM method called 240°-Clamped space vector (240CPWM) terms reduced stress on which corresponds reduction size. Detailed analysis contribution DC-DC stages carried out leading design methods for capacitor. It...

Cereals contaminated with type B trichothecene nivalenol (NIV) and its acetylated derivative 4-acetyl-nivalenol (4-AcNIV) are a global mycotoxicological problem threatening the health of humans livestock. Toxicological studies, quantitative determinations screening for biodegrading micro-organisms require massive amounts pure toxins. However, low yield from fungal cultures high prices NIV 4-AcNIV limit research progress in these areas. This work aimed to select Fusarium asiaticum mutant...

The first resonant frequency ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f_R</i> ) is usually believed to be mainly determined by material properties. Therefore, nanocrystalline common-mode inductors are typically used at frequencies below several tens of kilohertz. This letter proposes an inductor with a 2-D core and origami winding increase the without changing material. Especially, for nanocrystalline, proposed structure...

Resolvers are commonly utilized as position sensors to gather angular data. The accuracy of resolver-to-digital conversion (RDC) may be hampered by response times and systematic errors in the demodulation decoding resolvers, though. A technique based on a multistage notch filter is proposed for phase delay caused employing low-pass (LPF) signal process. This algorithm can enhance system’s capacity while also removing specified harmonics. An improved double second-order generalized integrator...