Verbal IQ scores in a socially heterogeneous sample of 215 4-year-old children were highly related to cumulative environmental risk index composed maternal, family and cultural variables. Different combinations equal numbers factors produced similar effects on IQ, providing evidence that no single factor identified here uniquely enhances or limits early intellectual achievement from multiple increase the probability development will be compromised. The predicted substantially more variance...

Intelligence scores of children in a longitudinal study were assessed at 4 and 13 years related to social family risk factors. A multiple environmental score was calculated for each child by counting the number high-risk conditions from 10 factors: mother's behavior, developmental beliefs, anxiety, mental health, educational attainment, support, size, major stressful life events, occupation head household, disadvantaged minority status. Multiple explained one-third one-half IQ variance...

Study Objectives:This study examined effects on adolescent sleep patterns, sleepiness, and circadian phase of a school transition requiring an earlier start.

This study provides estimates of reliability for aggregated values from 1 to 7 recording nights five commonly used actigraphic measures sleep patterns, as a function night type (weeknight or weekend night), and stability over several months. Data are three studies that obtained actigraph data (using Mini Motionlogger actigraphs associated validated algorithms [ASA]) on children adolescents living at home self-selected sleep-wake schedules. Participants were 169 aged 12–60 months, 55 11–16...

Study Objectives:To examine the validity of self-reported survey estimates sleep patterns in adolescents through a comparison retrospective descriptions usual school- and weekend-night habits with diary-reported actigraphically estimated behaviors over subsequent week.

Granulation tissue formation is an example of new development in adult. Its rich vascular network has been thought to derive via angiogenic sprouting and extension preexisting vessels from the surrounding tissue. The possibility that circulating cells hematopoietic origin can differentiate into endothelial (ECs) areas remodeling recently gained credibility. However, no quantitative data have placed magnitude this contribution a physiological perspective. We used chimeras determine 0.2% 1.4%...

To describe behavioral sleep/wake patterns of young children from actigraphy and mothers' reports, assess age-group sex differences, daytime napping, investigate the impact family demographic variables on sleep-wake measures. Cross-sectional sample wore actigraphs for 1 week; mothers kept concurrent diaries. Children studied in their homes. 169 normal healthy 7 age groups (12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60 months old); 84 boys 85 girls. N/A. Nocturnal measures estimated activity recordings using a...

The aim of this descriptive analysis was to examine sleep timing, circadian phase, and phase angle entrainment across adolescence in a longitudinal study design. Ninety-four adolescents participated; 38 (21 boys) were 9–10 years ("younger cohort") 56 (30 15–16 ("older at the baseline assessment. Participants completed then follow-up assessments approximately every six months for 2.5 years. At each assessment, participants wore wrist actigraph least one week home measure self-selected timing...

Early indicators of schizophrenic outcomes were sought in a group children chronically ill women. A sample pregnant women with varying degrees mental illness examined during the perinatal period and recruited into 4-year longitudinal evaluation, which included cognitive, psychomotor, social, emotional assessments at birth, 4, 12, 30, 48 months age. The mothers varied on health dimensions diagnosis, severity symptomatology, chronicity illness. Other factors analyses socioeconomic status...

Objective. This was a prospective longitudinal multisite study of the effects prenatal cocaine and/or opiate exposure on neurodevelopmental outcome in term and preterm infants at 1 month age. Methods. The sample included 658 exposed 730 comparison matched race, gender, gestational age (11.7% born <33 weeks’ age). Mothers were recruited 4 urban university-based centers mostly black public assistance. Exposure determined by meconium assay self-report with alcohol, marijuana, tobacco...

This study examined the effects of acute sleep restriction on daytime behavior and performance healthy children adolescents. 82 participants (8 to 15 years age) completed 5 nights baseline were randomly assigned Optimized (10 hr.) or Restricted (4 for an overnight lab visit. Behavior, performance, sleepiness assessed following day. Sleep was associated with shorter latency, increased subjective sleepiness, sleepy inattentive behaviors but not hyperactive-impulsive impaired tests response...

Study Objective:To determine the effects of experimental restriction sleep opportunity on teacher ratings academic performance and behavior in healthy normal children.

The "long nights" protocol was designed to evaluate sleep processes and circadian rhythm parameters in young humans. A total of 19 children (10 boys, ages 11.2 14.1 years [mean = 12.7 ± 1.0], 9 girls, 12.2 14.4 13.1 0.7]) took part the study. Sleep/wake initially assessed at home using actigraphy diary for 1 week on each child's self-selected sched ule followed by an 8-night fixed light-dark (LD) condition, while sleeping from 22:00 08:00 h wearing eye mask exclude as much light possible....

Components of familial risk are examined in the context a 4-year longitudinal study children with mentally ill mothers. The factors parental mental health, social status, perspectives, and family stress. interactions among were found to be complex nature different for child cognitive social-emotional competence. These findings discussed systems approach development general, at particular. Parental beliefs, attitudes, coping abilities hypothesized important mediators between environmental...

Families were examined at 6, 9, and 12 months in an intensive longitudinal study that included Home Behavior Attachment Q-sorts, laboratory Strange Situation assessment, home observations of infant temperament behavior on 24 occasions, maternal parenting sensitivity reports temperament. Maternal was modestly related to Q-sort security unrelated classification. In contrast, observed more strongly both security. The relation between assessment attachment security, which the level found prior...

Protective processes in at-risk children between 4 and 13 years of age were examined a longitudinal study. A multiple risk index was used at to identify 50 high-risk 102 who low risk. Cognitive social-emotional status measured each time point. The following indicators protective related positive change cognitive and/or function the years: mother-child interaction; child perceived competence, locus control, life events, social support; maternal parenting values, support, depression, expressed...

Abstract This short-term longitudinal study examined whether emotion regulation and understanding made unique contributions towards at-risk preschoolers' classroom adaptation. To address this question, we assessed children's their of emotions in both self (self-awareness, coping) others (emotion recognition, affective perspective taking, situation knowledge). Participants were 49 children (22 boys 27 girls) who attended a Head Start program for low-income children. Seventy percent sample was...

Lester et al. report the results of a meta-analysis, which shows that prenatal cocaine exposure is associated with statistically significant but subtle effects on child IQ and language performance. Even these will result in substantial number children annually who need additional special education services at considerable financial burden to society.

Observers and mothers rated infant behavior (n = 50) in the home on dimensions of temperament once a week for 8 weeks. Although week-to-week correlations were modest (intraclass .14-.36), aggregates observations had high reliability both observers mothers. Mother reports tied to our observation sessions by having (a) rate their infants' during period when made (b) use questionnaire that mirrored scoring system used videotaped sessions. When direct compared with mother (on aggregated weekly 4...

Objective. To evaluate the direct effects of prenatal cocaine exposure and opiate on infant mental, motor, behavioral outcomes longitudinally between 1 3 years old. Methods. As part a prospective, longitudinal, multisite study, Bayley Scales Infant Development II were administered to 1227 infants who exposed (n = 474), opiates 50), 48), neither substance 655) at 1, 2, corrected age by certified, masked examiners. Hierarchic linear modeling 1-, 2-, 3-year scores was conducted using as...

Early childhood is a period of dramatic change in sleep and emotion processing, as well time when disturbance both domains are first detected. Although recognized central processing psychopathology, the great majority experimental data have been collected adults. We examined effects acute restriction (nap deprivation) on toddlers' expression. Ten healthy children (seven females; 30-36 months old) followed strict schedule (≥12.5 h bed per 24-h) for 5 days, before each two randomly assigned...