A5040325066- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Neurological and metabolic disorders
- Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
University of California, San Diego
2016-2025
Neurobehavioral Research (United States)
2016-2025
UC San Diego Health System
2022-2025
Neurosciences Institute
2003-2024
University of California System
2004-2023
Northwestern University
2002-2023
Health Affairs
2018-2022
Cleveland Clinic
2022
OSE Immunotherapeutics (France)
2022
Washington University in St. Louis
2009-2021
This is a cross-sectional, observational study to determine the frequency and associated features of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in large, diverse sample infected individuals era combination antiretroviral therapy (CART).A total 1,555 HIV-infected adults were recruited from 6 university clinics across United States, with minimal exclusions. We used standardized neuromedical, psychiatric, neuropsychological (NP) examinations, recently published criteria for diagnosing HAND...
Combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) has greatly reduced medical morbidity and mortality with HIV infection, but high rates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to be reported. Because large HIV-infected (HIV+) uninfected (HIV−) groups have not been studied similar methods in the pre-CART CART eras, it is unclear whether changed prevalence, nature, clinical correlates HAND. We used comparable subject screening assessments classify impairment (NCI) + − participants...
Abstract The present study examined neuropsychological (NP) functioning and associated medical, neurological, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), psychiatric findings in 389 nondemented males infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type 1 (HIV-1), 111 uninfected controls. Using a comprehensive NP test battery, we found increased rates of impairment at each successive stage HIV infection. HIV-related was generally mild, especially the medically asymptomatic infection, most often...
Objectives: HAART suppresses HIV viral replication and restores immune function. The effects of on neurological disease are less well understood. aim this study was to assess the prevalence incidence neurocognitive impairment in individuals who initiated as part an AIDS clinical trial. Design: A prospective cohort HIV-positive patients enrolled randomized antiretroviral trials, Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Longitudinal Linked Randomized (ALLRT) study. Methods: We examined association between...
We studied the frequency, severity, and clinical correlations of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in 117 CERAD subjects with autopsy-confirmed AD. Eighty-three percent showed at least a mild degree angiopathy. Thirty brains (25.6%) moderate to severe CAA affecting vessels one or more cortical regions. These also significantly higher frequency hemorrhages ischemic lesions than those little no (43.3% versus 23.0%; odds ratio = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1 6.2). High scores correlated presence...
Abstract To determine the neuropathological substrate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated neurocognitive disorders, we examined persons with acquired syndrome before their death and related antemortem neuropsychological performance to postmortem indicators HIV encephalitis, viral burden, presynaptic postsynaptic neuronal injury. Of 20 prospectively cases, 9 were neurocognitively normal, 5 showed impairment, had minor cognitive/motor disorder, 1 was demented. Degree impairment...
Despite immune recovery in individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (CART), the frequency of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) remains high. Immune is typically achieved after initiation ART from nadir, or lowest historical CD4. The present study evaluated probability neuropsychological impairment (NPI) and HAND as a function CD4 nadir an HIV-positive cohort.One thousand five hundred twenty-five participants enrolled CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research,...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can show variable clinical trajectories. Previous longitudinal studies of HAND typically have been brief, did not use adequate normative standards, or were conducted in the context a trial, thereby limiting our understanding incident (NC) decline and recovery.We investigated incidence predictors NC change over 16-72 (mean, 35) months 436 HIV-infected participants CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research...
To determine whether antiretroviral regimens with good central nervous system (CNS) penetration control HIV in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and improve cognition.Multisite longitudinal observational study.Research clinics.One hundred one individuals advanced beginning or changing a new potent regimen were enrolled the study. Data for 79 participants analyzed. Participants underwent structured history neurological examination, venipuncture, lumbar puncture, neuropsychological tests at entry, 24,...
CD163, a monocyte- and macrophage-specific scavenger receptor, is shed during activation as soluble CD163 (sCD163). We have previously demonstrated that monocyte expansion from bone marrow with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection correlated plasma sCD163, the rate of AIDS progression, severity macrophage-mediated pathogenesis. Here, we examined sCD163 in human (HIV) infection. was elevated individuals chronic HIV (>1 year duration), compared HIV-seronegative individuals. With...
<h3>Objective</h3> To provide updated estimates of the prevalence and clinical impact human immunodeficiency virus−associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) neuropathic pain due to HIV-SN in combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) era. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective, cross-sectional analysis. Clinical correlates for pain, including age, exposure CART, CD4 levels, plasma viral load, hepatitis C virus infection, alcohol use disorders, were evaluated univariate multivariate models. <h3>Setting</h3>...
While HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent despite combination antiretroviral therapy (CART), the clinical relevance of asymptomatic impairment (ANI), most common HAND diagnosis, remains unclear. We investigated whether HIV-infected persons with ANI were more likely than those who neurocognitively normal (NCN) to experience a decline in everyday functioning (symptomatic decline).A total 347 human participants from CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research...
This study sought to determine the synergistic effects of age and HIV infection on medical co-morbidity burden, along with its clinical correlates impact health-related quality life (HRQoL) across lifespan in HIV. Participants included 262 individuals four groups stratified by (≤40 ≥50 years) serostatus. Medical burden was assessed using a modified version Charlson Co-morbidity Index (CCI). Multiple regression accounting for potentially confounding demographic, psychiatric, factors revealed...
To rigorously evaluate the time course of cognitive change in a cohort individuals with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (CART), and to investigate which demographic, laboratory, treatment factors are associated neuropsychological (NP) outcome (or "any NP improvement").Study participants included 37 HIV+ mild moderate impairment who initiated CART underwent testing at 12, 24, 36, 48 weeks thereafter. was assessed using...
Objective: Here we evaluated whether neurocognitive disorders in HIV-infected individuals on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with persistent monocyte activation as indexed by levels of soluble CD163 (sCD163), shed monocyte/macrophages. Design: Chronically, were examined at two consecutive visits median [interquartile range (IQR)] 16 (7–32) months apart. All patients ART and durably virologically suppressed (plasma HIV RNA <50 copies/ml) all visits. Thirty-four...
To determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral burden measurements can assist in the evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders, we quantified HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA CSF. Because previous findings suggested that disease stage, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and HIV-1 levels plasma may influence CSF burden, these variables were examined as potential modifying factors. by using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. Performance on...
Dendritic and synaptic damage (without frank neuronal loss) may be seen in milder human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related cognitive disorders. Synapse volume estimates, performed by stereological methods, could enhance the ability to detect subtle changes that accompany impairment HIV infection. For present study, density number were assessed combined stereology/confocal microscopy these measures then correlated with ante-mortem levels of performance AIDS patients. Three-dimensional...
The authors examined the separate and combined effects of methamphetamine dependence HIV infection on brain morphology.Morphometric measures obtained from magnetic resonance imaging methamphetamine-dependent and/or HIV-positive participants their appropriate age- education-matched comparison groups were analyzed. Main age, infection, dependence, interactions these factors in analyses cerebral gray matter structure volumes.Independent effect was associated with reduced volumes cortical,...
<b>Background: </b> Painful sensory neuropathy is a common complication of HIV infection. Based on prior uncontrolled observations, we hypothesized that amitriptyline or mexiletine would improve the pain symptoms. <b>Method: A randomized, double-blind, 10-week trial 145 patients assigned equally to amitriptyline, mexiletine, matching placebo. The primary outcome measure was change in intensity between baseline and final visit. <b>Results: improvement group (0.31 ± 0.31 units [mean SD]) (0.23...