A5017306542- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
University of California, San Diego
2016-2025
Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego
2016-2025
Swiss HIV Cohort Study
2024
Simon Fraser University
2023-2024
Harvard University
1994-2023
Brigham and Women's Hospital
2020-2023
Meridian Clinical Research
2020
University of Maryland, Baltimore
2020
Cancer Research Center
2020
University of Illinois Chicago
2020
Vaccines are needed to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and protect persons who at high risk for complications. The mRNA-1273 vaccine is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-based that encodes the prefusion stabilized full-length spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), virus causes Covid-19.This phase 3 randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted 99 centers across United States. Persons SARS-CoV-2 infection or its complications...
A placebo-controlled trial has shown that treatment with zidovudine reduces the rate at which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is transmitted from mother to infant. We present data showing number of infected infants 18 months age and relation between maternal viral load, risk HIV-1 transmission, efficacy treatment. Viral cultures were obtained, RNA was measured by two assays in samples blood obtained study entry delivery.
Drug susceptibility and mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene were analyzed with 167 virus isolates from 38 patients treated nevirapine, a potent nonnucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) RT. Resistant emerged quickly uniformly all administered nevirapine either as monotherapy or combination zidovudine (AZT). Resistance developed early week, indicating rapid turnover population. The development resistance was associated loss antiviral drug activity measured...
Many current health status instruments either are too long to use in many acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) clinical trials or omit important concepts. In this study, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-relevant items developed for the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) from subscales cognitive function, energy/fatigue, distress, and a single quality of life item were added portion MOS Short-form General Health Survey. The resulting 30-item questionnaire reliably distinctly measured ten...
Low vitamin D levels in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) infected persons are associated with more rapid disease progression and increased risk for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We have previously shown that 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25D3), the active form of D, inhibits HIV replication macrophages through induction autophagy. In this study, we report physiological concentrations 1,25D3 induce production cathelicidin microbial peptide (CAMP) autophagic flux M....
Abstract To improve human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment and prevention, therapeutic strategies that can provide effective broad‐spectrum neutralization against viral infection are highly desirable. Inspired by recent advances of cell‐membrane coating technology, herein, plasma membranes CD4 + T cells collected coated onto polymeric cores. The resulting T‐cell‐membrane‐coated nanoparticles (denoted as “TNPs”) inherit cell surface antigens critical for HIV binding, such receptor CCR5...
We evaluated the effectiveness of three treatment strategies for prevention a first episode Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Cryptococcal meningitis and other serious fungal infections are common complications in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Fluconazole is effective for long-term suppression of many infections, but its effectiveness as primary prophylaxis had not been adequately evaluated.We conducted a prospective, randomized trial that compared fluconazole (200 mg per day) clotrimazole troches (10 taken five times daily) who were also participating Pneumocystis carinii...
To determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral burden measurements can assist in the evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders, we quantified HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA CSF. Because previous findings suggested that disease stage, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and HIV-1 levels plasma may influence CSF burden, these variables were examined as potential modifying factors. by using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. Performance on...
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurs in ∼1% of newborns the United States. A phase II evaluation was done ganciclovir for treatment symptomatic congenital CMV infection. Daily doses 8 or 12 mg/kg were administered divided at 12-h intervals 6 weeks. Clinical and laboratory evaluations sought evidence toxicity, quantitative virologic responses urine, plasma drug concentrations, clinical outcome. total 14 28 babies received mg/kg/day, respectively. Five additional on a...
In the advanced stages of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, particularly vision-damaging retinitis due to CMV, is common. We evaluated prophylactic treatment with orally administered ganciclovir as a way prevent CMV disease.
Nevirapine, a potent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, produces transient antiviral effect at < or = 200 mg/day due to the selection of resistant virus. To examine if higher levels nevirapine could produce sustained activity, its safety, pharmacokinetics, and activity 400 were studied in 21 patients. There was rapid reduction immune complex-dissociated p24 antigen serum human immunodeficiency virus RNA concentration all patients, 8 10 patients had > 50% weeks....
Cytomegalovirus retinitis, a sight-threatening infection associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), currently requires lifelong intravenous treatment. An effective oral treatment would be an important advance.
Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood leukocytes (hu-PBL-SCID mice) have inducible immune function and may be useful as a small animal model for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) research. Hu-PBL-SCID infected virus-1 (HIV-1) contained virus that was recoverable by culture from the peritoneal cavity, spleen, blood, lymph nodes up to 16 weeks after infection; viral sequences were also detected in situ hybridization amplification...
Mutations in both the viral phosphotransferase gene, UL97, and DNA polymerase UL54, have been shown to confer ganciclovir resistance cytomegalovirus (CMV). Moreover, UL54 alterations associated with vitro cross-resistance of CMV cidofovir. To investigate relative significance UL97 versus conferring antiviral resistance, phenotypic genotypic characterization 28 ganciclovir-resistant clinical isolates was undertaken. Isolates were either low-level ganciclovir-resistant, which ID50 values ⩾8 µM...
Data from 1330 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients enrolled in seven antiretroviral treatment trials were analyzed to characterize the clinical benefit of treatment-mediated reductions plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. The risk a new AIDS-defining event or death was reduced proportionally magnitude reduction level during first 6 months therapy. Pretherapy levels prognostic independently ontherapy In addition, associated with any given did not vary by pretherapy level. Having...
Molecular methods of pathogen discovery have recently led to the description several new respiratory viruses. Human bocavirus (HBoV), a proposed member family Parvoviridae, is one most described Initial reports indicate that HBoV common cause tract infection in children.
In this study, baseline plasma from 619 persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (median CD4+ lymphocyte count -21/microl) who participated in a trial to determine the efficacy of oral ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease prevention were evaluated CMV DNA load by qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), correlated development survival. For participants without detectable DNA, 12-mo Kaplan-Meier event rate was 14% 1% placebo groups, respectively (P...
Consistent long-term viral suppression has been difficult to achieve in children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We tested the safety and antiviral efficacy of a novel combination consisting efavirenz, nelfinavir, one or more nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors 57 previously treated only inhibitors.
The safety, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of intrapartum early newborn nevirapine were evaluated in 17 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women labor their newborns. No adverse effects noted any study mothers or infants. Following maternal dosing with 200 mg during labor, concentrations exceeding 100 ng/mL (10 times the vitro IC50) achieved Nevirapine elimination was prolonged both infants, median half-lives ranging from 36.8 to 65.7 h. Administration orally a single 2-mg/kg oral...
Zidovudine delays the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is associated with hematologic toxicity at high doses. Regimens are needed that preserve or enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity. Acyclovir has been reported to potentiate effect zidovudine on HIV in vitro.
<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To identify the sources of HIV virions in CSF by modeling treatment-associated dynamics. <b><i>Background:</i></b> We postulated a model which cell-free originate from two major sources, namely, systemic non-CNS and CNS tissues, latter including brain parenchyma meninges. The predicted that with initiation antiretroviral therapy, acute-phase decline RNA levels would be controlled kinetics dominant virion source (systemic versus CNS). Based on prior observations, we...
A diagnostic assay has been developed to detect human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA in clinical specimens with 32P-labeled cloned fragments of HCMV strain AD169. The labeled probe can 10 pg and fails hybridize from other herpesviruses or DNA. correctly identified 22 (92%) 24 coded urine culture positive for 23 (88%) 26 negative HCMV. In a prospective study 67 buffy-coat recipients bone marrow transplants was detected 13 (93%) 14 culture-positive samples. Of 53 HCMV, 32 were hybridization...