A5102856672- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
Harvard University
2016-2025
Cancer Research And Biostatistics
2016-2025
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
2022-2024
St James's University Hospital
2024
Adelphi Group (United Kingdom)
2024
Virginia Tech
1994-2023
Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership
2010-2023
Jensen Hughes (United States)
2023
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
2023
University of British Columbia Hospital
2022
The efficacy and safety of adding a protease inhibitor to two nucleoside analogues treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are not clear. We compared treatment with the indinavir in addition zidovudine lamivudine nucleosides alone HIV-infected adults previously treated zidovudine.
This double-blind study evaluated treatment with either a single nucleoside or two nucleosides in adults infected human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) whose CD4 cell counts were from 200 to 500 per cubic millimeter.
Although a large number of studies show correlation between marital status and mental health, the relative magnitude relationship, as compared to strength relationship other variables related is not known. In this empirical evaluation, it shown that in present data, most powerful predictor health considered. Data are then used quality marriage per se links positive health. The paper concludes with discussion some psychological functions marriage.
Reports of clinical trials often contain a wealth data comparing treatments. This can lead to problems in interpretation, particularly when significance testing is used extensively. We examined 45 reports comparative published the British Medical Journal, Lancet, or New England Journal Medicine illustrate these statistical problems. The issues we considered included analysis multiple end points, repeated measurements over time, subgroup analyses, treatments, and overall number tests trial...
The most effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in pregnancy and its efficacy during breast-feeding are unknown.
Combination therapy including protease inhibitors has been shown to be effective in treating adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but there are only limited data regarding the treatment of children and adolescents.
We studied measures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, the viral phenotype, and immune function (CD4 cell counts) relation changes in these indicators to clinical outcomes a subgroup patients controlled trial early antiretroviral treatment for HIV, AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175.
To analyze nationally representative data on the lifetime and 12-month prevalences of use dependence illegal drugs (marijuana/hashish, cocaine/crack, heroin, hallucinogens), nonmedical prescription psychotropic (sedatives, tranquilizers, stimulants, analgesics), inhalants; to examine sociodemographic correlates dependence.The come from National Comorbidity Survey, a structured diagnostic interview administered persons aged 15 54 years that generates reliable diagnoses according definitions...
In a randomized double-blind multicenter clinical study, 116 children with asthma were randomly assigned to treatment an inhaled beta-2-agonist (salbutamol 0.2 mg) plus corticosteroid (budesonide three times day (BA + CS) or beta-2-agonlst placebo PL). After median follow-up time of 22 months, 26 patients receiving BA PL (45%) had withdrawn from treatment, mainly because symptoms, compared withdrawals in the CS (p < 0.0001). The FEV1, expressed as percentage predicted value for age, sex, and...
This study is an examination of the effects living alone on mental health, well-being, and maladaptive behaviors. The findings may be summarized in three basic points. First, there no evidence that persons who live are selected into arrangement because preexisting psychological problems, noxious personality characteristics, or incompetent socioeconomic behavior. Second, contrary to what would predicted by structural functionalism symbolic interactionism, data analysis this shows unmarried...
This study of 200 adults receiving outpatient services in rural Middle Tennessee was conducted to provide data on the validity CES-D as a measure depressive symptomatology. Specifically, sought determine CES-D's ability discriminate between outpatients and sample community residents, patient groups reflecting different diagnostic classifications levels problem severity, based upon such comparisons, select cutting points which would indicate symptomatology denote need for services. The...
Several recent studies have suggested that, contrary to investigators' initial expectations, household crowding typically has little impact on humans. Using a sample collected in Chicago which minimized the collinearity between and socioeconomic variables, we find that both objective (as measured by persons per room) subjective indicated (1) excessive social demands (2) lack of privacy) are strongly related poor mental health, relationships home child care; less strongly, but significantly...
In a recent article in the American Journal of Epidemiology by Mendez et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173(4):448–458), use alternative approaches to exclusion implausible energy intakes led significantly different cross-sectional associations between diet and body mass index (BMI), whereas simpler recommended criteria (<500 >3,500 kcal/day) yielded no meaningful change. However, these findings might have been due exclusions made based on weight, primary determinant BMI. Using data from 52,110...
How racial identity influences self-esteem and psychological well-being among African Americans remains unresolved due to unexplained inconsistencies in theoretical predictions empirical findings. Using data from the National Survey of American Life (N = 3,570), we tested hypotheses derived social theory internalized racism perspective. Findings support showing that strongly identify with their group view it very positively. In addition, those who more evaluate positively have greater...
Although symptom and viral rebound have been reported after nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment, the trajectories of symptoms load during natural course COVID-19 not well described.To characterize in untreated outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19.Retrospective analysis participants a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04518410).Multicenter trial.563 receiving placebo ACTIV-2/A5401 (Adaptive Platform Treatment Trial for Outpatients With COVID-19) platform...
The morbidity from obstructive airways disease (asthma and chronic pulmonary disease) is considerable, the mortality rate rising in several countries. It has been hypothesized that long-term improvement prognosis might result vigorous bronchodilator or antiinflammatory therapy.In a multicenter trial we compared three inhalation regimens which beta 2-agonist (terbutaline, 2000 micrograms daily) was combined with corticosteroid (beclomethasone, 800 daily), an anticholinergic (ipratropium...
We describe a meta-analysis approach for the evaluation of potential surrogate marker. Surrogate markers are useful in helping to identify therapeutic mechanisms action and disease pathogenesis, selecting therapies take forward from phase II III clinical trials. They have also become increasingly important regulatory purposes by providing basis preliminary approval drugs pending outcome studies. Methodology evaluating has focused on determining difference effects two treatments an individual...
Journal Article The Significance of Color Remains: A Study Life Chances, Mate Selection, and Ethnic Consciousness Among Black Americans Get access Michael Hughes, Hughes Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University Direct correspondence to Department Sociology, University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bradley R. Hertel Social Forces, Volume 68, Issue 4, June 1990, Pages 1105–1120, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/68.4.1105...
Background: CD4+ lymphocyte counts and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels predict progression of HIV-related disease, but the relative importance these other virological factors in defining response to antiretroviral therapy is not yet clear. Objective: To determine short-term variability level during stable therapy; pretreatment values early changes count, levels, infectious titers mononuclear cells peripheral blood syncytium-inducing phenotype an isolate for prediction disease decline therapy....
Data from 1330 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients enrolled in seven antiretroviral treatment trials were analyzed to characterize the clinical benefit of treatment-mediated reductions plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. The risk a new AIDS-defining event or death was reduced proportionally magnitude reduction level during first 6 months therapy. Pretherapy levels prognostic independently ontherapy In addition, associated with any given did not vary by pretherapy level. Having...
Vicriviroc, an investigational CCR5 inhibitor, demonstrated short-term antiretroviral activity in a phase 1 study.The present study was double-blind, randomized 2 of vicriviroc treatment-experienced, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects experiencing virologic failure while receiving ritonavir-containing regimen with HIV-1 RNA level >or=5000 copies/mL and CCR5-using virus. Vicriviroc at 5, 10, or 15 mg placebo added to the failing for 14 days, after which optimized. The...
High-throughput sequencing platforms provide an approach for detecting rare HIV-1 variants and documenting more fully quasispecies diversity. We applied this technology to the V3 loop-coding region of env in samples collected from 4 chronically HIV-infected subjects whom CCR5 antagonist (vicriviroc [VVC]) therapy failed. Between 25,000–140,000 amplified sequences were obtained per sample. Profound baseline loop sequence heterogeneity existed; predicted CXCR4-using populations identified a...