A5072899489- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Hemophilia Treatment and Research
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Immune cells in cancer
University School
2014-2025
Case Western Reserve University
2016-2025
University Hospitals of Cleveland
2015-2024
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
2010-2021
Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research
2003-2020
Cornell University
1999-2016
Bayer (United States)
2016
Center for Environmental Health
2005-2015
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
1999-2015
Cleveland Clinic
2006-2015
This double-blind study evaluated treatment with either a single nucleoside or two nucleosides in adults infected human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) whose CD4 cell counts were from 200 to 500 per cubic millimeter.
Gut-resident microbial populations may influence intestinal homeostasis during HIV disease.
The significance of elevated plasma levels bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in persons with chronic HIV infection remains undefined. We measured LPS by use limulus lysate assay, and DNA sequences encoding ribosomal 16S RNA (16S rDNA) were assessed quantitative polymerase chain reactions samples obtained from 242 donors. Plasma rDNA significantly higher human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected subjects than uninfected subjects, they correlated levels. Higher associated T cell activation...
A low CD4/CD8 ratio in elderly HIV-uninfected adults is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. subset of HIV-infected receiving effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) fails to normalize this ratio, even after they achieve normal CD4+ T cell counts. The immunologic clinical characteristics phenotype remain undefined. Using data from four distinct cohorts three trials, we show that a during otherwise ART (after CD4 count recovery above 500 cells/mm3) number immunological...
We evaluated a multicenter cohort of 1219 subjects with hemophilia or related disorders prospectively, focusing on 319 documented dates seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The incidence rate the acquired syndrome (AIDS) after was 2.67 per 100 person-years and directly age (from 0.83 in persons 11 years old up 5.66 35 70 old; Ptrend = 0.00003). annual AIDS ranged from zero during first year 7 percent eighth year, eight-year cumulative rates (±SE) 13.3±5.3 for ages...
Background. Defining the association of non–AIDS-defining events with inflammation and immune activation among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected persons antiretroviral therapy (ART)–associated virological suppression is critical to identifying interventions decrease occurrence these events. Methods. We conducted a case-control study HIV-infected subjects who had achieved within 1 year after ART initiation. Cases were patients experienced events, defined as myocardial infarction,...
Background. While inflammation predicts mortality in treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the prognostic significance of gut barrier dysfunction and phenotypic T-cell markers remains unclear. Methods. We assessed immunologic predictors a case-control study within Longitudinal Study Ocular Complications AIDS (LSOCA), using conditional logistic regression. Sixty-four case patients who died 12 months treatment-mediated viral suppression were each matched to 2 control...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is associated with progressive cell-mediated immune deficiency and abnormal activation. Although highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens can increase circulating CD4 T lymphocyte counts decrease the risk of opportunistic complications, effects these treatments on reconstitution are not well understood. In 44 persons moderately advanced HIV-1 infection, after 12 weeks treatment zidovudine, lamivudine, ritonavir, plasma RNA fell a median 2.3...
Mechanisms underlying mucosal transmission of HIV-1 are incompletely understood. We describe the anti-HIV-1 activity human beta-defensins (hBD), small cationic molecules that provide protection at surfaces.HIV-1 induced expression hBD-2 and -3 mRNA (but not hBD-1) 4- to 78-fold, respectively, above baseline in normal oral epithelial cells. failed infect these cells, even after 5 days exposure. Recombinant hBD-1 had no antiviral activity, while rhBD-2 rhBD-3 showed concentration-dependent...
AMD3100 is a CXCR4 receptor inhibitor with anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro. We tested the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral effect of administered for 10 days by continuous intravenous infusion an open-label dose escalation study from 2.5 to 160 microg/kg/h. Forty HIV-infected patients HIV RNA level >5000 copies/mL on stable antiretroviral (ARV) regimens or off therapy were enrolled. Syncytium-inducing (SI) phenotype MT-2 cell assay was required higher cohorts. Most subjects black (55%),...
Topical agents, such as microbicides, that can protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are urgently needed. Using a chimeric simian/human (SHIV SF162), which is tropic for the chemokine receptor CCR5, we report topical application of high doses PSC-RANTES, an amino terminus-modified analog RANTES, provided potent protection vaginal challenge in rhesus macaques. These experimental findings have potentially important implications understanding HIV and design strategies...
There is increasing evidence that innate and adaptive immune responses are intimately linked. This linkage in part mediated through the recognition of conserved microbial products by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Detection TLRs can result induction inflammatory cytokines activation professional antigen-presenting cells, thereby enhancing responses. Here, we show human beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3), an antimicrobial peptide, induce expression costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, CD40, on monocytes...
Many immune correlates of CD8+ T-cell-mediated control HIV replication, including polyfunctionality, proliferative ability, and inhibitory receptor expression, have been discovered. However, no functional using ex vivo cells identified with the known ability to cause direct elimination HIV-infected cells. We recently discovered human T-cells rapidly upregulate perforin—an essential molecule for cell-mediated cytotoxicity—following antigen-specific stimulation. Here, we examined perforin...
THREE cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, two which were fatal, have recently been observed in patients with severe classic hemophilia who had treated lyophilized preparations anti-hemophilic factor (factor VIII).1 Two the also oral candidiasis, and one was infected Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare. Immunologic studies survivors demonstrated poor lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens, an absolute relative decrease helper T cells, a increase suppressor cells.The pathogenesis this...
Plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA level predicts HIV disease progression, but the extent to which it explains variability in rate of CD4 cell depletion is poorly characterized.To estimate proportion loss predicted by presenting plasma levels untreated HIV-infected persons.Repeated-measures analyses 2 multicenter cohorts, comprising observations beginning on May 12, 1984, and ending August 26, 2004. Analyses were conducted between 2004 March 2006.Two cohorts persons: patients...
Abstract Cytokines are soluble factors that mediate cell–cell communications in multicellular organisms. Recently, another system of communication was discovered, which is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we demonstrate these two systems not strictly separated, as many cytokines vitro , ex vivo and released EV-encapsulated forms capable eliciting biological effects upon contact with sensitive cells. Association EVs necessarily a property particular cytokine but rather can be...
Oral microbiota contribute to health and disease, their disruption may influence the course of oral diseases. Here, we used pyrosequencing characterize bacteriome mycobiome 12 HIV-infected patients matched uninfected controls. The number bacterial fungal genera in individuals ranged between 8–14 1–9, among participants, respectively. core (COB) comprised 14 genera, which 13 were common two groups. In contrast, (COM) differed individuals, with Candida being predominant fungus both Among...
Background. Failure to normalize CD4+ T-cell numbers despite effective antiretroviral therapy is an important problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods. To evaluate potential determinants of immune failure this setting, we performed a comprehensive immunophenotypic characterization patients with HIV suppression, persons who experienced restoration therapy, and healthy controls. Results. Profound depletion all maturation subsets naive CD8+ T cells was found failure,...
Background Most HIV-1-infected patients on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below the detection limits of commercial assays have residual viremia measurable by more sensitive methods. We assessed whether adding raltegravir lowered level in such patients. Methods and Findings Patients receiving ART who had 50 copies/mL but detectable single copy assay (SCA) were randomized to add either or placebo their regimen for 12 weeks; then crossed-over other an...
Therapies to achieve sustained antiretroviral therapy-free HIV remission will require validation in analytic treatment interruption (ATI) trials. Identifying biomarkers that predict time viral rebound could accelerate the development of such therapeutics.