A5000033990- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
- Innovations in Medical Education
- Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
- Medical Education and Admissions
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Diversity and Career in Medicine
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Blood donation and transfusion practices
- Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
University of Iowa
2018-2025
Meso Scale Discovery (United States)
2024-2025
ExxonMobil (Germany)
2019-2025
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
2020-2022
Carver Bible College
2022
University of Iowa Health Care
2021
Johns Hopkins University
2010-2019
University of Leicester
2019
Glenfield Hospital
2019
NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre
2019
Background The AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 076 zidovudine prophylaxis regimen for HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their babies has been associated with a significant decrease in vertical HIV-1 transmission non-breastfeeding developed countries. We compared the safety efficacy of short-course nevirapine or during labour first week life. Methods From November, 1997, to April, 1999, we enrolled 626 at Mulago Hospital Kampala, Uganda. randomly assigned mothers 200 mg orally onset 2...
The importance of plasma levels human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in pregnant women relation to the other factors known influence risk transmission infection their infants is incompletely defined. We studied maternal HIV-1 perinatal and timing transmission.
A rapid immunoassay capable of detecting analyte within complex biological media without any sample preparation is described. This was accomplished using gold nanoshells, layered dielectric-metal nanoparticles whose optical resonance a function the relative size its constituent layers. Aggregation antibody/nanoshell conjugates with extinction spectra in near-infrared monitored spectroscopically presence analyte. Successful detection immunoglobulins achieved saline, serum, and whole blood....
Au and Ag nanoshells are investigated as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We find that SERS enhancements on nanoshell films dramatically different from those observed colloidal aggregates, specifically the enhancement follows plasmon resonance of individual nanoparticles. Comparative finite difference time domain calculations fields at surface smooth roughened reveal roughness contributes only slightly to total enhancement. large 2.5 x 10(10) nonresonant molecule...
Gold nanoshells, nanoparticles consisting of a silica core coated with thin gold shell, exhibit strong optical resonance that depends sensitively on their radius and shell thickness. nanoshells have been fabricated peak extinction can be varied across the near-infrared region spectrum (800 nm–2.2 μm). Multipolar plasmon resonances are clearly resolvable in spectra agree well electromagnetic theory. Additional due to particle aggregation also observed. The frequency agile infrared properties...
The production of silica core-silver shell nanoparticles (silver nanoshells) by three different chemical methods is described. Each method produces a silver outer layer with unique morphology, ranging from smooth and uniform, to rough on the 2−5 nm length scale, spiky extremely sharp, needlelike protrusions extending outward surface nanoparticle. nanoshells produced each growth were studied using transmission electron microscopy UV−vis spectroscopy. In particular, one reduction highly...
We studied measures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, the viral phenotype, and immune function (CD4 cell counts) relation changes in these indicators to clinical outcomes a subgroup patients controlled trial early antiretroviral treatment for HIV, AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175.
In patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, aphthous ulceration of the mouth and oropharynx can become extensive debilitating. Preliminary reports suggest that thalidomide may promote healing oral ulcers.
Objective To examine the emergence and fading of NVP resistance (NVPR) mutations in HIV-1-infected Ugandan women infants who received single dose to prevent HIV-1 vertical transmission. Design We examined NVPR HIVNET 012 clinical trial, including 41 out 48 with infected infants, 70 randomly-selected uninfected 33 49 infants. Methods Plasma was analyzed using Applied Biosystems ViroSeq Genotyping System. Results were detected 21 111 (19%) tested 6–8 weeks after delivery. The rate similar...
Systematic variation of the internal geometry a dielectric core-metal shell nanoparticle allows local electromagnetic field at surface to be precisely controlled. The strength as function core and dimension is measured by monitoring enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) response nonresonant molecular adsorbates (para-mercaptoaniline) bound surface. SERS enhancement appears directly exclusively due geometry. Effective enhancements 106 are observable in aqueous solution, which correspond absolute...
AMD3100 is a CXCR4 receptor inhibitor with anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro. We tested the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral effect of administered for 10 days by continuous intravenous infusion an open-label dose escalation study from 2.5 to 160 microg/kg/h. Forty HIV-infected patients HIV RNA level >5000 copies/mL on stable antiretroviral (ARV) regimens or off therapy were enrolled. Syncytium-inducing (SI) phenotype MT-2 cell assay was required higher cohorts. Most subjects black (55%),...
Significance This study defines clinical indications for using telomere length (TL) measurement as a diagnostic tool in hospital setting. It shows that, contrast to other methods, TL by flow cytometry and FISH (flowFISH) can be standardized, has reproducible definable upper lower normal boundaries. In telomerase mutation carriers of mutant maintenance genes, had prognostic value, correlating with the age onset short syndrome phenotypes, well predominant complication. prospective study,...
To evaluate the role of mediastinal irradiation (RT) following surgery for invasive thymomas, a clinical and pathologic review 117 patients with diagnosis thymoma was completed. Fourteen cases were excluded because lack histologic criteria thymic tumor, remaining 103 classified according to staging system as follows: stage I, completely encapsulated (43); II, extension through capsule or pericapsular fat invasion (21); III, adjacent structures (36); IV, thoracic dissemination metastases (3)....
Objective: To determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, tolerance, antiretroviral activity, and infant HIV infection status after giving a single dose of nevirapine to HIV-1-infected pregnant women during labor their newborns first week life. Design: An open label phase I/II study. Setting: Tertiary care hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Patients interventions: Nevirapine, 200mg, was given as 21 Ugandan women. In cohort 1, eight infants did not receive whereas in 2, 13 received nevirapine, 2mg/kg, at...
Nanoshells are mesoscopic particles consisting of a dielectric core coated with metal shell, in particular gold or silver, uniform nanometer scale thickness. This topology supports plasmon excitations frequencies that sensitively dependent on the relative radii nanoparticle's and shell. The linewidth for this geometry is typically quite broad, nominally 100 nm more wavelength at resonance wavelengths near infrared. Several distinct physical mechanisms control lineshape: phase retardation...
Metal nanoshells are nanoscale optical components that allow for the controllable redirection of electromagnetic radiation via careful engineering their multilayer structures. By varying core size and shell thickness these nanoparticles, “antennas” constructed can be selectively driven into a dipolar or quadrupolar oscillation pattern. With scattering cross sections many times larger than physical section, antennas efficiently couple to incident wave. These structures focus, redirect, split...
Objective A recent trial in Uganda demonstrated that a simple, inexpensive regimen of nevirapine (NVP) prophylaxis can dramatically reduce HIV-1 vertical transmission risk. In this regimen, women receive single dose NVP at the onset labor and infants within 72 h birth. The objective study was to determine whether variants with resistance mutations were selected Ugandan who received Phase I/II HIVNET 006. Methods Reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences from plasma analyzed 15 6 weeks after...
BackgroundThe HIV Network for Prevention Trials (HIVNET) 012 trial showed that NVP resistance (NVPR) emerged in some women and children after the administration of single-dose nevirapine (SD-NVP). We tested whether K103N-containing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–1 variants persisted infants 1 year or more SD-NVP MethodsWe analyzed samples from 9 5 HIVNET who had NVPR 6–8 weeks SD-NVP. Samples were with ViroSeq system 2 sensitive assays, LigAmp TyHRT ResultsViroSeq detected K103N mutation...
Recently, we reported an increased incidence of soft tissue sarcomas in a biopsy population cats at the University Pennsylvania School Veterinary Medicine.8 Epidemiologic evidence indicated that this increase coincided with enactment state law requiring rabies vaccination cats, and majority these were areas routinely used by veterinarians for (dorsal neck/ interscapular, dorsolateral thorax, hindlimb, dorsal lumbar). Many surrounded partially infiltrated inflammatory infiltrate lymphocytes...
In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B, CXCR4 coreceptor use ranges from approximately 20% in early infection to 50% advanced disease. Coreceptor by non-subtype B HIV is less well characterized. We studied tropism of A and D HIV-1 collected 68 pregnant, antiretroviral drug-naive Ugandan women (HIVNET 012 trial). None 33 or 10 A/D-recombinant viruses used the coreceptor. contrast, nine (36%) 25 both CCR5 coreceptors. Clonal analyses samples with dual mixed revealed...