Fluid convection in many hydrothermal systems is driven by heat and energy provided cooling igneous intrusions, while flow pathways are affected rock permeability. Increased permeability fracture zones faults can form preferred fluid pathways. Although field evidence indicates that localisation a common phenomenon, its quantitative impact on mass transfer around intrusions has remained understudied. Here, we present three-dimensional numerical simulations of conceptual caldera setting with...

Water-rich magmatic systems are important for the formation of many hydrothermal ore deposits because degassing intrusions can provide both heat and chemical compounds needed their formation. However, different types deposits, processes complex interplay leading to mineral precipitation vary. Here, we use numerical simulations investigate thermal evolution silicic similar those hosting some largest Sn deposits. Detailed field oxygen isotope studies suggest that these form due convective...

Abstract The propagating margins of igneous sills (and other sheet intrusions) may divide into laterally and/or vertically separated sections, which later inflate and coalesce. These components elongate parallel to thus record the magma flow direction, they can form either due fracture segmentation (i.e., “segments”) or brittle non-brittle deformation host rock “magma fingers”). Seismic reflection data image entire sill-complexes in 3-D, their resolution is often sufficient allow us identify...

Abstract We investigate the conditions under which saucer‐shaped sills form and segment in upper crust. performed a series of scaled laboratory experiments that employ visco‐elastic‐plastic Laponite RD® (LRD) gels to model crustal rocks, Newtonian paraffin oil as magma analog. Saucer‐shaped always formed with two‐layer These show sharp transitions from an inner flat sill outer inclined sheets, are characterized by non‐planar margins. The results that: (a) transition sheet occurs when radius...

The feedback between dyke and sill intrusions the evolution of stresses within volcanic systems is poorly understood, despite its importance for magma transport volcano instability. Long-lived ocean island volcanoes are crosscut by thousands dykes, which must be accommodated through a combination flank slip visco-elastic deformation. Flank dominant in some (e.g., Kilauea), but how other remains unknown. Here we apply digital mapping techniques to collect > 400,000 orientation aperture...

Magma emplacement is commonly accommodated by uplift of the overburden and free surface. By assuming this deformation purely elastic, we can invert shape kinematics ground to model geometry dynamics underlying intrusions. However, magma be viscoelastic and/or inelastic processes. We use 3D seismic reflection data reconstruct how elastic bending processes a Late Jurassic sill offshore NW Australia. restore syn-emplacement compare its relief thickness, showing that: (i) where they are equal,...

The propagating margins of igneous sills (and other sheet intrusions) may divide into laterally and/or vertically separated sections, which later inflate and coalesce. These components elongate parallel to thus record the magma flow direction, can form either due fracture segmentation (i.e., ‘segments’) or brittle non-brittle deformation host rock ‘magma fingers’). Seismic reflection data image entire sill-complexes in 3D, their resolution is often sufficient allow us identify these distinct...

Abstract The geomorphology and sediment systems of volcanic areas can be influenced by uplift (forced folding) related to subsurface migration accumulation magma. Seismic geomorphological analysis presents a unique tool study how surface morphology magma dynamics relate, given seismic reflection data image buried landscapes underlying intrusions in 3D at resolutions only few metres–decametres. However, differential compaction the sedimentary sequence above incompressible igneous during...

Phreatic or steam-driven eruptions are the most common type of volcanic eruption in New Zealand. They notoriously difficult to forecast and have caused fatalities globally. There two main conceptual models that been proposed lead phreatic eruptions: a) cracking a hydrothermal seal is trapping pressurised fluid, and/or b) an injection hot magmatic gas interacting with cold groundwater then flashes steam resulting rapid fluid overpressure overburden failure. Testing these hypotheses can help...

The geomorphology and sediment systems of volcanic areas can be influenced by uplift (forced folding) related to subsurface migration accumulation magma. Seismic geomorphological analysis presents a unique tool study how surface morphology magma dynamics relate, given seismic reflection data image buried landscapes underlying intrusions in 3D at resolutions only few metres-to-decametres. However, differential compaction the sedimentary sequence above incompressible igneous during burial...

<div>Uninterpreted seismic reflection images (Figs. 5, 6, and 8); Jupyter notebooks associated input- output-files to: (1) describe the time-depth conversion of data, (2) create tuning wedge models, (3) quantify connector heights, (4) element geometries; a QGIS project including all shapefiles georeferenced maps used for this study.<br></div>

The structure of magma plumbing systems controls the distribution volcanism and influences tectonic processes. Yet determining such is difficult because: (1) active intrusion networks cannot be directly accessed; (2) field outcrops are commonly limited; (3) geophysical data imaging subsurface restricted in areal extent resolution. Our current view thus that dominated by vertical transfer via dykes and/or some form transcrustal conduits reservoirs, extending from a melt source to overlying...

<p>Geological map of the Highwood Mountains Montana, western United States; uninterpreted, high-resolution images shown in Figure 2; Jupyter notebook used to perform thermal modeling and fracture tip velocity estimates; Excel spreadsheet with field constraints (i.e., aperture distance measurement tip) estimate velocities. </p>

<p>Geological map of the Highwood Mountains Montana, western United States; uninterpreted, high-resolution images shown in Figure 2; Jupyter notebook used to perform thermal modeling and fracture tip velocity estimates; Excel spreadsheet with field constraints (i.e., aperture distance measurement tip) estimate velocities. </p>

Geological map of the Highwood Mountains Montana, western United States; uninterpreted, high-resolution images shown in Figure 2; Jupyter notebook used to perform thermal modeling and fracture tip velocity estimates; Excel spreadsheet with field constraints (i.e., aperture distance measurement tip) estimate velocities.Â

Space for intruding magma is created by elastic, viscous, and/or plastic deformation of host rocks. Such impacts the geometries igneous intrusions, particularly sills and dikes. For example, tapered intrusion tips indicate linear-elastic fracturing during emplacement, whereas fluidization rocks has been linked to development elongate fingers with rounded tips. Although rock only observed at lateral fingers, it assumed occur their leading edges (frontal tips) thereby control propagation...

Magma emplacement is commonly accommodated by uplift of the overburden and free surface. By assuming this deformation purely elastic, we can invert shape kinematics ground to model geometry dynamics underlying intrusions. However, magma be viscoelastic and/or inelastic processes. We use 3D seismic reflection data reconstruct how elastic bending processes a Late Jurassic sill offshore NW Australia. restore syn-emplacement compare its relief thickness, showing that: (i) where they are equal,...

<p>Magma transport through the Earth’s crust is commonly described to occur interconnected planar sheet intrusions such as dykes and sills, which form so called magma plumbing systems. Elongate intrusion geometries (i.e., fingers segments), hereafter referred <em>elements</em>, may during due viscous and/or elastic instabilities at propagating tip, they are often observed outer margin of solidified intrusions. Field observations,...

Unravelling magma flow in ancient sheet intrusions is critical to understanding how pathways develop and feed volcanic eruptions. Analyzing the shape preferred orientation of minerals intrusive rocks can provide information on flow, because crystals may align parallel primary direction. Anisotropy magnetic susceptibility (AMS) an established method quantify such orientations igneous with weak or cryptic fabrics. However, use AMS data characterize flows within individual building blocks...