We begin this article with the assumption that attitudes are best understood as structures in longterm memory, and we look at implications of view for response process attitude surveys. More specifically, assert an answer to question is product a fourstage process. Respondents first interpret question, determining what about. They then retrieve relevant beliefs feelings. Next, they apply these feelings rendering appropriate judgment. Finally, use judgment select response. All four component...

Structural stigma and discrimination occur when an institution like a newspaper, rather than individual, promulgates stigmatizing messages about mental illness. This study examined current trends in the news media on reporting topics of illness.All relevant stories (N=3,353) large U.S. newspapers were identified coded during six weeklong periods 2002. Stories by themes that fit into four categories: dangerousness, blame, treatment recovery, advocacy action (that is, calls for public policy...

Medical student mistreatment has been recognized for decades and is known to adversely impact students personally professionally. Similarly, burnout shown negatively students. This study assesses the prevalence of across multiple medical schools characterizes association between burnout.In 2011, authors surveyed a nation ally representative sample third-year Students reported frequency experiencing by attending faculty residents since beginning their clinical rotations. Burnout was measured...

Recent public opinion polls have suggested that there is a striking lack of support for national political leaders and institutions. The two studies discussed in this paper explore why evaluations institutions are low. In particular, they examine the role perceived injustice creating dislike distrust This focus upon justice contrasted with more traditional level outcomes received from system congruence citizen‐leader policy preferences. results strongly by showing judgments exercise an...

Gibson (1989) questions whether the Supreme Court's ability to legitimate unpopular policies is based on public views that Court a fair decisionmaker. His claim his analysis of survey examining gain acceptance right an political group demonstrate. A reanalysis Gibson's data using model allowing for both direct and indirect effects about fairness court decisionmaking procedures does not support conclusion procedure has no influence acceptance. Our results indicate have effect through their...

A pair of surveys asked healthy adults about their everyday visual problems. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 100 and were screened for major impairment. Respondents rated the frequency difficulty they had performing tasks such as reading, recognizing objects, picking out a face crowd, seeing dimly lit environments, moving so on. The revealed five dimensions that declined with increasing age: processing speed, light sensitivity, dynamic vision, near search. percentage respondents...

Analyses of question wording experiments on the General Social Survey spending items showed consistent effects for several issues across three years. An examination types change indicate that even minor changes can affect responses. However, an interactions with respondent individual differences no pattern. Since 1973 has included questions ask public to evaluate a variety government policies. These have played important role in tracking support fiscal involvement 15 key policy areas such as...

Individual differences in judgments of the fairness various sociopolitical phenomena were examined three surveys. Scales measuring two value dimensions thought to underlie meaning constructed, and survey respondents endorsing these different values compared on their evaluation procedural distributive political objects. Those proportionality, hypothesized by equity theorists judgments, judged equity-based public policies be fairer than equality-based that Ronald Reagan would a president...

Answers to attitude questions in surveys can vary markedly depending on the preceding items questionnaire. This study concerns such context effects. More than 1,100 respondents were asked about six target issues a telephone survey. Before answering questions, most of had been one two sets related issues; remainder received unrelated, "neutral" items. For five issues, groups receiving different differed significantly their answers questions. However, only substantive from group that neutral...

Adult childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) are at high risk for illness and premature death. Little is known about the physicians who provide their routine medical care.To determine general internists' self-reported attitudes knowledge care of CCSs.Cross-sectional survey.Mailed survey delivered between September 2011 August 2012.Random sample 2000 U.S. internists.Care preferences, comfort levels with caring CCSs (7-point Likert scale: 1 = very uncomfortable, 7 comfortable), familiarity...

This study examined US physicians' training in religion and medicine its association with addressing religious spiritual issues clinical encounters. Reports of receiving were higher for highly physicians, psychiatrists, physicians high numbers critically ill patients. Discussing or spirituality patients was associated having received through a book CME literature during Grand Rounds, one's tradition from other unspecified sources but not such medical school.

Journal Article DO RESPONDENTS REALLY "MARK ALL THAT APPLY" ON SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONS? Get access KENNETH A. RASINSKI, RASINSKI is a National Opinion Research Center (NORC) senior survey methodologist, DAVID MINGAY methodologist at NORC, and NORMAN M. BRADBURN NORC vice president for research Tiffany Margaret Blake Distinguished Service Professor the University of Chicago. The authors wish to thank Steven J. Ingels, Tom Smith, Roger Tourangeau, number anonymous reviewers excellent...

This study examined the hypothesis that media exposure and attention partially mediate effects of variables such as demographics personal experience on risk judgments. Risk judgments, including perceived severity, prevalence, controllability, familiarity, concern about alcohol-related injuries, comprised outcome measures. Alcohol-related injuries included assaults, motor vehicle crashes, other injury incidents falls, fire, drowning. Results supported hypotheses partial mediation with respect...

Locksley, Borgida, Brekke, and Hepburn (1980) assert that subjects fall prey to the base-rate fallacy when they make stereotype-related trait judgments. They found ignored their stereotypes judgments were made in presence of trait-related behavioral information. The present article reexamines those findings with respect two issues: (a) use a normative criterion comparison subjects' (b) level analysis (group vs. individual) We conducted replication Locksley et al. Study 2, results examined...

In Brief OBJECTIVE: To describe obstetrician–gynecologists' (ob-gyns') views and willingness to help women seeking abortion in a variety of clinical scenarios. METHODS: We conducted mailed survey 1,800 U.S. ob-gyns. presented seven scenarios which patients sought abortions. For each, respondents indicated if they morally objected would obtain an abortion. analyzed predictors objection assistance. RESULTS: The response rate was 66%. Objection ranged from 16% (cardiopulmonary disease) 82% (sex...

Older women rarely receive post-mastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR). While there is a perception that PMBR less beneficial in this age group, quality-of-life (QOL) data related to older remain scarce.Women with AJCC stage 0-III cancer who underwent mastectomy were surveyed. Respondents included 215 (≥ 65 years), of whom 36.0% received PMBR, and control group 101 younger (< all PMBR. Patient-reported outcomes measured using the Duke Health Profile BREAST-Q.The survey response rate was...