In this paper, a brake system for an automatic transmission(AT)-based hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is developed, and regenerative braking cooperative control algorithm proposed, with consideration of the characteristics system. The does not require pedal simulator or fail-safe device, because hydraulic equipped on rear wheels, electronic wedge (EWB) front wheels vehicle. Dynamic models HEV developed in study are obtained, performance developed. Furthermore, algorithm, which can increase...

A mode control strategy for a two-mode hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with fixed-gear is proposed, considering wheel torque demand while minimizing fuel consumption. First, the dynamic equations of power-split HEV are derived, and these consist two electrically variable transmission modes four modes. Using equations, optimal operation selected from viewpoint maximum available output respect to driver's velocity. Next, an optimized selection map constructed using optimization minimize...

A helical configuration confers a great advantage in artificial muscle due to movement potential. However, most fibers are exposed high temperature produce the coiled structure. Hence, thermoset polymer-composed hydrogels difficult fabricate as their thermal degeneration. Here, we describe self-helical hydrogel fiber that is produced without exposure glucose-responsive muscle. The sheath–core was spontaneously transformed into structure during swelling state by balancing forces between...

Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that causes salmonellosis, which characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. Existing methods for detecting Salmonella, culture plating, ELISA, PCR, are accurate but time-consuming unsuitable on-site applications. In this study, we developed rapid sensitive electrochemical sensor using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) to detect typhimurium (S. typhimurium) targeting lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Polydopamine (PDA) was used...

A control algorithm is proposed for an independent motor-drive vehicle. sliding-mode designed based on the slip ratio, yaw rate, and lateral acceleration of vehicle to reduce motor torque at each wheel. The performance evaluated by MATLAB/Simulink-CarSim cosimulation experiments. test car with two drive motors rear wheels developed. From simulation test, it found that improves performance.

Graphene-based actuators are of practical interest because their relatively low cost compared with other nanocarbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes. We demonstrate the simple fabrication graphene oxide (GO)-based fibers an infiltrated nylon-6,6 polymer by wet spinning. These could be twisted to form torsional and further coiled tensile actuators. By controlling relative twisting coiling direction GO/nylon fiber, we were able realize reversible contraction or elongation actuation strokes...

A regenerative braking algorithm is proposed for a hybrid electric vehicle with continuously variable transmission (CVT) to make the maximum use of energy. In algorithm, torque determined by considering motor capacity, battery state charge (SOC), and velocity. The force calculated from brake control unit comparing demanded available. wheel pressure reduced amount supplied hydraulic module. addition, CVT speed ratio suggested during optimal operation. operation line operate in most efficient...

We developed an electric oil pump (EOP) and a control algorithm for automatic transmission (AT)-based two-shaft parallel hybrid vehicles (HEVs). The EOP capacity was designed based on AT test results, the torque of motor determined by considering flow rate efficiency calculated according to operating temperature fluid. A consisting low, high, middle speeds HEV driving mode proposed operation EOP. Control logic reduce energy requirements in middle-speed range, which operate together. verified...

In this work, we investigate the effects of substituting Ni/Al for Cr on thermomagnetic and magnetocaloric properties FeCoNiCrAl-type high entropy alloys (HEAs). Ni Al appear to prefer BCC phase, increases in composition stabilize phase. contrast Al, content yields an increase FCC phase fraction, resulting a drop off magnetization. The transformation from was intensified at annealing temperatures 800 °C higher due increased diffusion rates spinodal decomposition. A magnetic transition around...

<p>Ni-rich cathode is one of the promising candidates for high-energy lithium-ion battery applications. Due to its specific capacity, easy industrialization, and good circulation ability, Ni-rich materials have been widely used batteries. However, due limitation co-precipitation method, including sewage pollution, instability long production cycles, developing a new efficient environmentally friendly synthetic approach critical. In this study,...

Vehicle stability control for a four-wheel drive (4WD) hybrid electric vehicle is investigated using the regenerative braking of rear motor and electrohydraulic brake (EHB). A fuzzy-rule-based algorithm proposed, which generates direct yaw moment to compensate errors sideslip angle rate. Performance logic evaluated J-turn single-lane change. It found from simulation results that able provide improved compared with performance without any control. better can be achieved by applying plus EHB...

Rapid iron melting initiation and molten slag separation which take place in carbon composite ores are quite interesting phenomena, but their mechanisms have not been established yet. Since the size of carbonaceous material ore particles is tiny ores, can dynamically play a critical role separation. The behavior was clarified by direct observation phenomena occurring simplified agglomerate sample (iron disk–slag particle–graphite or coke particle) via confocal laser scanning microscope...

This article presents an integrated engine-hydro-mechanical transmission control algorithm for a tractor considering the efficiency. First, hydro-mechanical efficiency was obtained by network analysis based on hydrostatic unit constructed from test. Using map and thermal of engine, optimal operating line obtained, which provides higher total system Based line, proposed, powertrain To evaluate performance proposed algorithm, AMESim-MATLAB/Simulink-based co-simulator developed. From simulation...

This paper suggested a shift control algorithm for improving the quality(SQ) by modeling dual clutch transmission(DCT)-type 2-speed transmission system an electric vehicle(EV). In system, driving comfort decreased when driveshaft torque of vehicle fluctuated shifting gear, unlike with existing single-gear ratio EV. To improve this, was proposed that controlled two units actuators and unit motor subject DCT. evaluate algorithm, performance simulator based on MATLAB/Simulink consisted motor,...

This paper presents a mode shift control algorithm for reducing the variation in driveshaft torque dual-mode power-split-type hybrid electric vehicle. To evaluate characteristics of this vehicle, dynamic models vehicle powertrain were developed. Using models, performance simulator was developed, and simulations performed. analyse during shift, bond-graph transient state constructed, equations derived. From equations, it found that occurs because inertia torques first motor–generator second...

In this paper, a shift control algorithm to improve the quality was proposed for an electric vehicle with dry-type two-speed dual-clutch transmission. To analyse characteristics of target vehicle, dynamic models transmission and drivetrain were developed. Based on models, equations transient states derived, performance simulator constructed. From analysis state, it found that fluctuations in driveshaft torque, which cause deteriorate, occurred as result inertia torque. analytical results,...

A near-optimal rule-based mode control (RBC) strategy was proposed for a target plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) taking into account the drivetrain losses. Individual loss models were developed components including gears, planetary gear (PG), bearings, and oil pump, based on experimental data mathematical governing equations. Also, model power electronic system constructed, from motor-generator while rotating in unloaded state. To evaluate effect of losses operating strategy, backward...

A yaw rate control algorithm is proposed for an independent in-wheel motor vehicle. For the control, first, traction torque reduced corresponding to lateral acceleration. In addition, PID type weight factor introduced by considering wheel slip ratio. The generates desired direct moment adjusting at each wheel, which obtained from sliding mode control. It found simulation results slalom test that suggested in this study able provide satisfactory performance with stability.

An optimal control strategy is obtained for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Scale factors in weighting the motor usage are selected as variables on how to distribute demanded power into and internal combustion engine. Dynamic models of HEV powertrain represented by state space equations. In order find strategy, an optimization problem defined, which finds minimize fuel consumption while satisfying constraint The solved using performance simulator developed MATLAB Simulink...